Bibliografia
1. Trinkaus E, Zimmerman MR. Trauma among the Shanidar Neandertals. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1982 e 57:61–76.
2. Solecki RS. Shanidar IV, a Neanderthal flower burial in northern Iraq. Science. 1975 e 190:880–881.
3. Elhadef K, Smaoui S, Fourati M, Ben Hlima H, Chakchouk Mtibaa A, Sellem I, Ennouri K, Mellouli L. A review on worldwide Ephedra history and story: from fossils to natural products mass spectroscopy characterization and biopharmacotherapy potential. Evid B.
4. Samadelli M, Melis M, Miccoli M, Vigl EE, Zink AR. Complete mapping of the tattoos of the 5300-year-old Tyrolean iceman. J Cult Herit. 2015 e 16(5):753–758.
5. 2017, Stark MC. Hormesis: the difference between a poison and a medication. J Clin Exp Tox. e 1(1):1–2.
6. d’Errico F, Backwell L, Villa P, Degano I, Lucejko JJ, Bamford MK, Higham TF, Colombini MP, Beaumont PB. Early evidence of San material culture represented by organic artifacts from Border Cave, South Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012 e 109:13214–13219.
7. Bourguignon, E. 1973. Religion, Altered States of Consciousness, and Social Change. Columbus: Ohio University Press.
8. Froese, T., A. Woodward, and T. Ikegami. 2014. “Are Altered States of Consciousness Detrimental, Neutral or Helpful for the Origins of Symbolic Cognition? A Response to Hodgson and Lewis-Williams.” Adaptive Behavior 22 (1): 89–95.
9. Sullivan RJ, Hagen EH. Psychotropic substance-seeking: evolutionary pathology or adaptation? Addiction. 2002 e 97(4):389–400.
10. Hagen EH, Tushingham S. The prehistory of psychoactive drug use. In: Henley TB, Rossano MJ, Kardas EP, editors. Handbook of cognitive archaeology: psychology in prehistory. New York: Routledge e 2019.
11. —.
12. 2015, Guerra-Doce E. Psychoactive substances in prehistoric times: examining the archaeological evidence. Time Mind. e 8:91–112.
13. 2003, Merlin MD. Archaeological evidence for the tradition of psychoactive plant use in the old world. Econ Bot. e 57:295–323.
14. Lewis-Williams JD, Dowson TA, Bahn PG, Bandi HG, Bednarik RG, Clegg J, Consens M, Davis W, Delluc B, Delluc G, Faulstich P, Halverson J, Layton T, Martindale C, Mirimanov V, Turner CG, II, Vastokas JM, Winkelman M, Wylie A. The signs of all times: entopti.
15. Clayton DH, Koop JA, Harbison CW, Moyer BR, Bush SE. How birds combat ectoparasites. Open Ornithol J. 2010 e 3:41–71.
16. 2003, Huffman MA. Animal self-medication and ethno-medicine: exploration and exploitation of the medicinal properties of plants. Proc Nut Soc. e 62:371–381.
17. Huffman MA. An ape’s perspective on the origin of medicinal plant use in humans. In: Hardy K, Kubiak Martens L, editors. Wild harvest: plants in the Hominin and pre-agrarian human worlds. Oxford: Oxbow books e 55–70, 2016. pp.
18. Rodriguez E, Wrangham R. Zoopharmacognosy: the use of medicinal plants by animals. In: Downum KR, Romeo JT, Stafford HA, editors. Phytochemical potential of tropical plants. Boston: Springer e 89–105, 1993. pp.
19. Domínguez-Martín EM, Tavares J, Ríjo P, Díaz-Lanza AM. Zoopharmacology: a way to discover new cancer treatments. Biomolecules. 2020 e 10:817.
20. file, Kelly K. History of medicine. New York: Facts on e 29–50, 2009. pp.
21. Zora, Bottcher H. Miracle drugs. Zagreb:, Press, 1965. pp. 23–139.) (Wiart C. Etnopharmacology of medicinal plants. New Jersey: Humana e 1–50, 2006. pp.
22. Culture, Tucakov J. Healing with plants – phytotherapy. Beograd: e 180–90, 1971. pp.
23. Zora, Glesinger L. Medicine through centuries. Zagreb: e 21–38, 1954. pp.
24. Srbije, Tucakov J. Pharmacognosy. Beograd: Institute for text book issuing in SR. e 11–30, 1964. pp.
25. Ohrid, Dimitrova Z. The history of pharmacy. Sofija: St Clement of e 13–26, 1999. pp.
26. book, Toplak Galle K. Domestic medicinal plants. Zagreb: Mozaic e 60–1, 2005. pp.
27. art, Bojadzievski P. The health services in Bitola through the centuries. Bitola: Society of science and, 1992. pp. 15–27.) (Gorunovic M, Lukic P. Pharmacognosy. Beograd: Gorunovic M e 1–5, 2001. pp.
28. institute, Bazala V. The historical development of medicine in the Croatian lands. Zagreb: Croatian publishing bibliographic e 9–20, 1943. pp.
29. association, Nikolovski B. Essays on the history of health culture in Macedonia. Skopje: Macedonian pharmaceutical e 17–27, 1995. pp.
30. books, Tucakov J. Pharmacognosy. Beograd: Academic e 8–21, 1948. pp.
31. Cesarec, Thorwald J. Power and knowledge of ancient physicians. Zagreb: August e 10–255, 1991. pp.
32. Srbije, Tucakov J. Pharmacognosy. Beograd: Institute for text book issuing in SR. e 11–30, 1964. pp.
33. Cannabis in Asia: its center of origin and early cultivation, based on a synthesis of subfossil pollen and archaeobotanical studies John M. McPartland1,2 · William Hegman3 · Tengwen Long4 Received: 20 December 2018 / Accepted: 6 May 2019 © Springer-Verlag.
34. Age-weighted geographical centroid for Cannabis data is marked by a star. Background base map by Natural Earth, free open-source map data, https:// www.naturalearthdata.com.
35. de Candolle A. (ed.). (1885). Hemp – Cannabis sativa L. in Origin of Cultivated Plants (New York, NY: D. Appleton e ), 148–149.
36. Vavilov N. I. (1926). The origin of the cultivation of ‘primary' crops, in particular cultivated hemp, in Studies on the Origin of Cultivated Plants, Leningrad, USSR: Institute of Applied Botany and Plant Breeding, 221–233.
37. Li H. L. (1974). An archaeological and historical account of Cannabis in China. Econ. Bot. 28, 437–448.
38. Hillig K. W. (2005). Genetic evidence for speciation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae). Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 53, 161–180.
39. Small E. (2015). Evolution and classification of Cannabis sativa, (marijuana, hemp) in relation to human utilization. Bot. Rev. 81, 189–294.
40. Mcpartland J. M., Hegman W. (2018). Cannabis, utilization, and diffusion patterns in prehistoric europe: a critical analysis of archaeological evidence. Veget. Hist. Archaeobot. 27, 627–634.
41. Song YH, Cohen DJ, Shi JM et al (2017) Environmental reconstruction and dating of Shizitan 29, Shanxi Province: an early microblade site in north China. J Archaeol Sci 79:19–35.
42. Chang K-c (1986) The Archaeology of Ancient China, 4th edn. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
43. Chang T-T (1976) The origin, evolution, cultivation, dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices. Euphytica 25:425–441.
44. Crawford GW (2006) East Asian plant domestication. In: Stark MT (ed) Archaeology of Asia. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 77–95 Crawford GW (2011) Advances in understanding early agriculture in Japan. Curr Anthropol 52(S4):S331–S345 Crawford GW, Takamiya H (1990) T.
45. Vavilov NI (1992) Origin and geography of cultivated plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
46. Clarke RC, Merlin MD (2016) Cannabis domestication, breeding history, present-day genetic diversity, and future prospects. Crit Rev Plant Sci 35:293-327.
47. Dhunjibhoy, J.E.: A briefresume ofthe types of insanity commonly met with in Indiawithafuldescriptionof"Indian hempinsanity"peculiartothecountry. J. Ment. Sci. 76:254-64, 1930.
48. www.psychologytoday.com, History of Cannabis in India Psychology Today".
49. Day, Chris Bennett (2010). "Cannabis and the Soma Solution". Trine.
50. R. E. Schultes, W. M. Klein, T. Plowman, T. E. Lockwood, Cannabis: an example of taxonomic neglect. Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets, 1975, pp. 23.
51. F. Zulfiqar, S.A. Ross, D. Slade, S.A. Ahmed, M.M. Radwan, Z. Ali, I.A. Khan, M.A. ElSohly Cannabisol, a novel Δ-9-THC dimer possessing a unique methylene bridge, isolated from Cannabis sativa Tetrahedron Lett., 53 (28) (2012), pp. 3560-3562.
52. S. Karampela, C. Pistos, K. Moraitis, V. Stoukas, I. Papoutsis, E. Zorba, M. Koupparis, C. Spiliopoulou, S. Athanaselis Development and validation of a LC/MS method for the determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol 6 and 11-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
53. S. Farag, O. Kayser The Cannabis Plant: Botanical Aspects Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies (2017), pp. 3-12.
54. S. Chandra, H. Lata, M. A. Elsohly, Cannabis sativa L.: Botany and Biotechnology. Ed. Springer, 2017, 128-188.
55. R.C. Clarke, M.D. Merlin Cannabis domestication, breeding history, present-day genetic diversity, and prospects Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 35 (2016), pp. 293-327.
56. P. Berman, K. Futoran, G.M. Lewitus, D. Mukha, M. Benami, T. Shlomi, D. Meiri A new ESI-LC/MS approach for comprehensive metabolic profiling of phytocannabinoids in Cannabis Sci. Rep., 8 (1) (2018), pp. 1-15.
57. Patrick S. Herendeen, Else Marie Friis e Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen, Palaeobotanical redux: revisiting the age of the angiosperms, in Nature Plants, vol.3, n.3, 2017-3.
58. https://daily.jstor.org/terence-mckennas-anarchic-psychedelic-religion.
59. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/apr/10/how-religion-evolved-by-robin-dunbar-review-sharp-history-of-belief.
60. "The First Evidence of Smoking Pot Was Found in a 2, 500-Year-Old Pot". Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian Institution.
61. Jiang H-E, Li X, Zhao Y-X et al (2006) A new insight into Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae) utilization from 2500-year-old Yanghai Tombs, Xinjiang, China. J Ethnopharmacol 108:414–422.
62. Courtwright, David (2001). Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World. Harvard Univ. Press. p. 39.
63. Li, Hui-Lin (July 1974). "The origin and use of cannabis in eastern asia linguistic-cultural implications". Economic Botany. 28 (3): 293–301.
64. "Lab work to identify 2, 800-year-old mummy of shaman". People's Daily Online. 2006.
65. Touw, Mia (January 1981). "The Religious and Medicinal Uses of Cannabis in China, India and Tibet". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. (1): 23–34.
66. A. L. Oppenheim, E. Reiner, R. D. Biggs, The Assyrian dictionary, Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago., Chicago, 1968, p. 366.
67. Aboelsoud, Herbal medicine in ancient Egypt N. H.
68. P. Ghalioungui, The Ebers papyrus: a new English translation, commentaries and glossaries, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, 1987, p. xv, 298.
69. W. R. Dawson, J. Egypt. Archaeol. 1934, 20, 41.
70. T. Bardinet, Les papyrus medicaux del Égypte pharaonique: traduction integrale et commentaire, Fayard, Paris, 1995.
71. Presence of drugs in different tissues of an egyptian mummy, FranzParsche & Andreas Nerlich Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry volume 352, pages 380–384 1995.
72. Extensive pulmonary haemorrhage in an Egyptian mummy A. G. Nerlich, I. Wiest, U. Löhrs, F. Parsche & P. Schramel.
73. 2011-04-20, History of Marihuana Use: Medical and Intoxicant". Druglibrary.org. Retrieved.
74. 2011, Economic Botany M. D. Merlin Archaeological Evidence for the Tradition of Psychoactive Plant Use in the Old World - University of Hawaii "23 May.
75. Rowan Robinson, The Great Book of Hemp, Health & Fitness, 1995, pag. 89.
76. Warf, Barney. "High points: An historical geography of cannabis." Geographical Review 104.4 (2014): 414-438.
77. Press, Julian G. Jacobs (1993). Judaism looks at modern issues. Aviva.
78. Mitch Earleywine (2007). Pot Politics: Marijuana and the Costs of Prohibition. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 218.
79. Fred Rosner (2001). Biomedical Ethics and Jewish Law. KTAV Publishing House, Inc.
80. Adam, Ben. The Path to the Tree: Prophecy and Its Pursuit in the Jewish Tradition. 2017.
81. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/02/cannabis-residue-found-in-ancient-jewish-temple-links-hallucinogens-with-religion.
82. https://www.sefaria.org/sheets/12977?lang=bi.
83. I. Lozano, J. Cannabis Ther. 2001, 1, 63.
84. https://europepmc.org, Hashis in Islam.
85. 11(4):263-276, The long history of Cannabis and its cultivation by Romans in Central Italy (pollen records from Lago Albano and Lago di Nemi) September 2002Vegetation History and Archaeobotany.
86. W. Reininger, "Remnants from Prehistoric Times," in The Book of Grass", ed. G. Andrews and J. Vinkenoog (New York: Grove Press, 1967.
87. T. Talbot Rice, The Scythians: Ancient Peoples and Places, Frederick A. Praeger 1958, pp. 102-118.
88. Erodoto, Historiae, IV, 73(2)-75, nella traduzione di Augusta Izzo D’Accini, 1984, Mondadori, Milano, vol. 2, pp. 253-5.
89. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/jan/06/science.religion.
90. "The Rope Factory and Hemp Trade in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, " Journal of Economic and Business History 4 (1932): 834.
91. J. Thistle and J.P. Cook, eds., Seventeenth Century Documents (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 167.
92. ("Shakespeare, Plants, and Chemical Analysis of Early 17th Century Clay 'Tobacco' Pipes from Europe," South African Journal of Science, July 2015.
93. ("Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis in Pain Medicine, " British Journal of Anaesthesia, May 29, 200.
94. Hemp American History Revisited: The Plant with a Divided History, 2003.
95. George Washington, The writings of George Washington, vol. 12, New York - Londra, Worthington Chauncey Ford, 1989.
96. T. G. Russell, T. M. Russell, Br. Med. J. 2003, 327, 1461.
97. L.R. Aubert-Roche, De la peste, ou typhus d’Orient: documents et observation receuillis pendant les anne ́es 1834 a 1838, en Egypte, en Arabie, sur la Mer Rouge, en Abyssinie, a` Smyrne et a` ConstantinopleL suivi d’un essai sur le hachisch et son emploi.
98. T. G. Russell, T. M. Russell, Br. Med. J. 2003, 327, 1461.
99. M. Donovan, Dublin J. Med. Sci. 1845, 26, 368, 459.
100. T. J. Nurmikko, M. G. Serpell, B. Hoggart, P. J. Toomey, B. J. Morlion, Neurology 2005, 64, A374.
101. R. R. McMeens, in Report of the Ohio State Medical Committee on Cannabis indica, Ohio State Medical Society, White Sulphur Springs, OH, 1860, pp. 75 – 100.
102. W. R. Gowers, A manual of diseases of the nervous system, P. Blakiston Son & Co., Philadelphia, Pa., 1888, p. xx, 1357.
103. Canapa agli incurabili. Sulla canapa nostrana e i suoi preparati in sostituzione della cannabis indica di Raffaele Valieri (Autore) F. A. Ranno (Curatore) Herb (Curatore) Stampa Alternativa, 2001.
104. Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission (1895). See also: Mills (2003), pp. 118-121. The seven volumes comprise 3,281 pages.
105. Immigration-Time, The Surprising Link Between U.S. Marijuana Law and the History of e https://time.com/5572691/420-marijuana-mexican-immigration.
106. ("State by State Laws: Alaska". National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. 2006. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
107. Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2020. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Table 9-9.
108. Reforms.”, (“Teens’ Marijuana Use Does Not Increase Following Marijuana Policy.
109. https://www.mpp.org/issues/legalization/marijuana-tax-revenue-states-regulate-marijuana-adult-use.
110. Grinspoon, Lester, M.D., and Bakalar, J.D., “Marijuana as Medicine: A Plea for Reconsideration,” Journal of the American Medical Association, June 21, 1995.
111. Busting some myths about the Founding Fathers and marijuana, National Constitution Center, November 9, 2012, archived from the original on April 17, 2017.
112. De Meijer, E.P.M., et al.
113. Russo, E.B. History of cannabis and its preparations in saga, science, and sobriquet. Chem. Biodiver. 2007, 4, 1614–1648.
114. Introduction to emerging industrial applications of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) Giuseppe Sorrentino Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali volume 32, pages 233–243.
115. —.
116. Effect of harvest date on combustion related fuel properties of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) ThomasPrade, MichaelFinell, Sven-ErikSvensson, Jan ErikMattsson e Fuel Volume 102, December 2012, 592-604.
117. The Seed of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition Barbara Farinon, Romina Molinari , Lara Costantini and Nicolò Merendino Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB.
118. Topical Use of Cannabis sativa L. Biochemicals by Léonid Mnekin and Lionel Ripoll Laboratoire LASEVE, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l’Université, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada.
119. https://www.who.int/teams/mental-health-and-substance-use/alcohol-drugs-and-addictive-behaviours/drugs-psychoactive/cannabis.
120. https://www.politicheantidroga.gov.it/media/1845/cap2.pdf.
121. Wood T. (1899) Cannabinol, part I. J Chem Soc 75: 20–36.
122. Mechoulam R., Shvo Y. (1963) Hashish. I. The structure of cannabidiol. Tetrahedron 19: 2073–2078.
123. Gaoni Y., Mechoulam R. (1964) Isolation, structure and partial synthesis of an active constituent of hashish. J Am Chem Soc 86: 1646–1647.
124. Devane W., Hanus L., Breuer A., Pertwee R., Stevenson L., Griffin G., et al. (1992) Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 258: 1946–1949.
125. Matsuda L., Lolait S., Brownstein M., Young A., Bonner T. (1990) Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature 346: 561–564.
126. Munro S., Thomas K., Abu-Shaar M. (1993) Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature 365: 61–65.
127. Devane W., Hanus L., Breuer A., Pertwee R., Stevenson L., Griffin G., et al. (1992) Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 258: 1946–1949.
128. Blatt-Janmaat K, Qu Y. The Biochemistry of Phytocannabinoids and Metabolic Engineering of Their Production in Heterologous Systems. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 28 e 22(5):2454.
129. Tsunetsugu Y, Park BJ, Miyazaki Y. Trends in research related to “Shinrin-yoku” (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing) in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med. 2010 e 15:27–37.
130. Park BJ, Tsunetsugu Y, Kasetani T, Kagawa T, Miyazaki Y. The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan. Environ Health Prev Med. 2010 e 15:18–26.
131. Song C, Ikei H, Miyazaki Y. Physiological effects of nature therapy: A review of the research in Japan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 e 13:E781.
132. Gershenzon J, Dudareva N. The function of terpene natural products in the natural world. Nat Chem Biol. 2007 e 3:408–414.
133. Ross S.A., ElSohly M.A. The volatile oil composition of fresh and air-dried buds of Cannabis sativa. J. Nat. Prod. 1996 e 59:49–51.
134. Guimarães A, Quintans J, Quintans-Júnior L. Monoterpenes with analgesic activity—a systematic review. Phytother Res. 2013 e 27(1):1–15.
135. Cho K, Lim Y, Lee K, Lee J, Lee J, Lee I. Terpenes from forests and human health. Toxicol Res. 2017 e 33(2):97–106.
136. Manayi A, Nabavi S, Daglia M, Jafari S. Natural terpenoids as a promising source for modulation of GABAergic system and treatment of neurological diseases. Pharmacol Rep. 2016 e 68(4):671–9.
137. Linck V, da Silva A, Figueiró M, Caramao E, Moreno P, Elisabetsky E. Effects of inhaled linalool in anxiety, social interaction and aggressive behavior in mice. Phytomedicine. 2010 e 17(8–9):679–83.
138. 2011, Russo E. Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. Br J Pharmacol. e 163(7):1344–64.
139. Roy U, ElSohly M (eds.). Cannabis inflorescence: cannabis Spp. e standards of identity, analysis, and quality control. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. 2014.
140. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Terpenoids from Cannabis Ruth Gallily, * Zhannah Yekhtin, and Lumı´r Ondrˇej Hanusˇ Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research Volume 3.1, 2018.
141. Li XJ, Yang YJ, Li YS, Zhang WK, Tang HB. α-Pinene, linalool and 1-octanol contribute to the topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of frankincense by inhibiting COX-2. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 e 179:22–26.
142. Hansen JS, Nørgaard AW, Koponen IK, Sørli JB, Paidi MD, Hansen SW, Clausen PA, Nielsen GD, Wolkoff P, Larsen ST. Limonene and its ozone-initiated reaction products attenuate allergic lung inflammation in mice. J Immunotoxicol. 2016 e 13:793–803.
143. Rufino AT, Ribeiro M, Sousa C, Judas F, Salgueiro L, Cavaleiro C, Mendes AF. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, anti-catabolic and pro-anabolic effects of E-caryophyllene, myrcene and limonene in a cell model of osteoarthritis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 e 750.
144. Games E, Guerreiro M, Santana FR, Pinheiro NM, de Oliveira EA, Lopes FD, Olivo CR, Tibério IF, Martins MA, Lago JH, Prado CM. Structurally related monoterpenes p-Cymene, carvacrol and thymol isolated from essential oil from leaves of lippia sidoides cham.
145. Ma J, Xu H, Wu J, Qu C, Sun F, Xu S. Linalool inhibits cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 e 29:708–713.
146. de Oliveira Ramalho TR, de Oliveira MT, de Araujo Lima AL, Bezerra-Santos CR, Piuvezam MR. Gamma-terpinene modulates acute inflammatory response in mice. Planta Med. 2015 e 81:1248–1254.
147. Ojha S, Javed H, Azimullah S, Haque ME. β-Caryophyllene, a phytocannabinoid attenuates oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glial activation and salvages dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson disease. Mol Cell Biochem. 2016 e 418:59–70.
148. Varga ZV, Matyas C, Erdelyi K, Cinar R, Nieri D, Chicca A, Nemeth BT, Paloczi J, Lajtos T, Corey L, Hasko G, Gao B, Kunos G, Gertsch J, Pacher P. Beta-caryophyllene protects against alcoholic steatohepatitis by attenuating inflammation and metabolic dysre.
149. Sobral MV, Xavier AL, Lima TC, de Sousa DP. Antitumor activity of monoterpenes found in essential oils. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014 e 2014:953451.
150. Broitman SA, Wilkinson J, 4th, Cerda S, Branch SK. Effects of monoterpenes and mevinolin on murine colon tumor CT-26 in vitro and its hepatic “Metastases” in vitro. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996 e 401:111–130.
151. Lu XG, Zhan LB, Feng BA, Qu MY, Yu LH, Xie JH. Inhibition of growth and metastasis of human gastric cancer implanted in nude mice by d-limonene. World J Gastroenterol. 2004 e 10:2140–2144.
152. —.
153. Matsuo AL, Figueiredo CR, Arruda DC, Pereira FV, Scutti JA, Massaoka MH, Travassos LR, Sartorelli P, Lago JH. α-Pinene isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) induces apoptosis and confers antimetastatic protection in a melanoma model.
154. Mkaddem M, Bouajila J, Ennajar M, Lebrihi A, Mathieu F, Romdhane M. Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Mentha (longifolia L. and viridis) essential oils. J Food Sci. 2009 e 74:M358–M363.
155. Koo BS, Lee SI, Ha JH, Lee DU. Inhibitory effects of the essential oil from SuHeXiang Wan on the central nervous system after inhalation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 e 27:515–519.
156. de Vries JH, Janssen PL, Hollman PC, van Staveren WA, Katan MB. Consumption of quercetin and kaempferol in free-living subjects eating a variety of diets. Cancer Lett 1997 e 141-144, 19:.
157. Cannflavins from hemp sprouts, a novel cannabinoid-free hemp food product, target microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase Werz, Oliver, et al.
158. Novel cannabis flavonoid, cannflavin A displays both a hormetic and neuroprotective profile against amyloid β-mediated neurotoxicity in PC12 cells: Comparison with geranylated flavonoids, mimulone and diplacone Eggers, Carly, Fujitani, Masaya e Kato, Ryuji.
159. Flavonoid-induced autophagy in hormone sensitive breast cancer cells Brunelli, Elisa, et al.
160. Michele, Flavonoid Derivative of Cannabis Demonstrates Therapeutic Potential in Preclinical Models of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Moreau, et al.
161. LaVigne, J.E., Hecksel, R., Keresztes, A. et al. Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity. Sci Rep 11, 8232 (2021).
162. An overview on plants cannabinoids endorsed with cardiovascular effects Author links open overlay panel Marilisa Pia Dimmito, Azzurra Stefanucci, Alice Della Valle, Giuseppe Scioli, Angelo Cichelli, Adriano Mollica.
163. Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, Di Nisio M, Duffy S, et al. 2015. Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 313:2456–73.
164. de Vries M, van Rijckevorsel DCM, Wilder-Smith OHG, van Goor H. 2014. Dronabinol and chronic pain: importance of mechanistic considerations. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 15:1525–34.
165. Cristino L, Bisogno T, Di Marzo V. 2020. Cannabinoids and the expanded endocannabinoid system in neurological disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 16:9–29.
166. Synthetic Cannabinoids: A Pharmacological and Toxicological Overview Rita Roque-Bravo, Rafaela Sofia Silva, Rui F. Malheiro, Helena Carmo, Félix Carvalho, Diana Dias da Silva, João Pedro Silva Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 2023 63:1, 187-20.
167. 1996, Life Sci e 58:1239-47.
168. cDNA, Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned e Lisa A. Matsuda, Stephen J. Lolait, Michael J. Brownstein, Alice C. Young & Tom I. Bonner Nature volume 346, pages 561–564 1990.
169. 2019, 1Silver RJ. The Endocannabinoid System of Animals. Animals (Basel). e 16, 9(9):686. Published 2019 Sep.
170. Ritter S, Zadik-Weiss L, Almogi-Hazan O, Or R. Cannabis, One Health, and Veterinary Medicine: Cannabinoids’ Role in Public Health, Food Safety, and Translational Medicine. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2020 Jan 30 e 11(1).
171. Freundt-Revilla J, Heinrich F, Zoerner A, Gesell F, Beyerbach M, et al. (2018) The endocannabinoid system in canine Steroid-Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis and Intraspinal Spirocercosis. PLOS ONE 13(2): e0187197.
172. Acosta-Urquidi, J. & Chase, R. (1975) The effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on action potentials in the mollusc Aplysia. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53, 793±798.
173. Di Marzo, V., De Petrocellis, L., Bisogno, T. & Melck, D. (1999) Metabolism of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol: an historical overview and some recent developments. Lipids 34, S319±S325.
174. Sepe, N., De Petrocellis, L., Montanaro, F., Cimino, G. & Di Marzo, V. (1998) Bioactive long chain N-acylethanolamines in five species of edible bivalve molluscs: possible implications for mollusc physiology and sea food industry. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1.
175. Elphick, M.R. (1998) An invertebrate G-protein coupled receptor is a chimeric cannabinoid/melanocortin receptor. Brain Res. 780, 170 ± 173.
176. De Petrocellis, L., Melck, D., Bisogno, T. Milone, A. & Di Marzo, V. (1999) Finding of the endocannabinoid signalling system in Hydra, a very primitive organism: possible role in the feeding response. Neuroscience 92, 377±387.
177. Pierobon, P., De Petrocellis, L., Minei, R. & Di Marzo, V. (1997) Arachidonic acid and eicosanoids in Hydra: possible endogenous signals involved in chemoreception and modulation of the feeding behaviour. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 433, 363±356.
178. Yamaguchi, F., Macrae, A.D. & Brenner, S. (1996) Molecular cloning of two cannabinoid type 1-like receptor genes from the puffer fish Fugu rubripes. Genomics 35, 603±605.
179. (Gonzalez, S.C. & Matsudo, V.K. & Carlini, E.A. (1971) Effects of marihuana compounds on the fighting behavior of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Pharmacology 6, 186±209.
180. Salzet, M., Capron, A. & Stefano, G.B. (2000) Molecular cross talk in parasite relationships: schistosomes or leeches ± host interactions. Parasitol. Today, in press.
181. Herkenham, M., et al.
182. Dixon, W.E. The Pharmacology of Cannabis indica. Br. Med. J. 1899, 2, 1354–1357.
183. 2005, Mackie K. Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system. Handb Exp Pharmacol e 299–325, 168:.
184. Herkenham M, Lynn AB, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, de Costa BR, Rice KC. Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study. J Neurosci 1991 e 583, 11: 563–.
185. Galiegue S, Mary S, Marchand J, Dussossoy D, Carriere D, Carayon P, Bouaboula M, Shire D, Le Fur G, Casellas P. Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leuko- cyte subpopulations. Eur J Biochem 1995 e 54–, 232:.
186. Molecular Pharmacology of CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors Jahan P. Marcu, Jason B. Schechter, in Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse, 2016.
187. Chevaleyre V, Takahashi KA, Castillo PE. Endocannabinoid-mediated syn- aptic plasticity in the CNS. Annu Rev Neurosci 2006 e 37–76, 29:.
188. Mackie, K. Cannabinoid receptors: Where they are and what they do. J. Neuroendocrinol. 2008, 20, 10–1.
190. Kohno M, Hasegawa H, Inoue A, Muraoka M, Miyazaki T, Oka K, Yasukawa M. Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 1 e 347:827-32.
191. Godlewski G, Offertáler L, Wagner JA, Kunos G. Receptors for acylethanolamides-GPR55 and GPR119. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2009 e 89:105-11.
192. Oka S, Nakajima K, Yamash*ta A, Kishimoto S, Sugiura T. Identification of GPR55 as a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007, 3 e 362:928-34).
193. 2019, Muller et al. Cannabinoid ligands targeting TRP channels. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. e 487, 11:.
194. Adams R, Hunt M, Clark JH (1940). "Structure of cannabidiol, a product isolated from the marihuana extract of Minnesota wild hemp". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 (1): 196–200.
195. Y. Gaoni and R. Mechoulam, Isolation, structure and partial synthesis of an active constituent of hashish, in J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1964 e 1646-1647, 86:.
196. Herkenham, Miles, et al. “Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain.“Proceedings of the national Academy of sciences 87.5 (1990): 1932-1936.
197. Matsuda, Lisa A., et al. “Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA.“ Nature 346.6284 (1990): 561.
198. 1946-1949, (“Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. “Science 258.5090 (1992):.
199. Mechoulam, R., Ben-Shabat, S., Hanus, L., Ligumsky, M., Kaminski, N.E., Schatz, A.R., Gopher, A., Almog, S., Martin, B.R., Compton, D.R., Pertwee, R.G., Giffin, G., Bayewitch, M., Brag, J., Vogel, Z., 1995 (Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride,.
200. Sugiura, T., Kondo, S., Sukagawa, A., Nakane, S., Shinoda, A., Itoh, K., Yamash*ta, A.,Waku, K., 1995.
201. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 215, 89–97.
202. Mackie, Ken. “Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system.” Cannabinoids. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005. 299-325.
203. Kunos, G. et al. (2009) Should peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptors be selectively targeted for therapeutic gain? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 30, 1-7) (Di Marzo, V. (2008) Targeting the endocannabinoid system: to enhance or reduce? Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 7, 43.
204. McPartland, M, Guy G. “The evolution of Cannabis and coevolution with the cannabinoid receptor – a hypothesis,”in Guy, et al, eds., The Medicinal Uses of Cannabinoids e al, and McPartland JM et.
205. The endocannabinoid system, anandamide and the regulation of mammalian cell apoptosis - M Maccarrone & A Finazzi-Agró Cell Death & Differentiation volume 10, pages 946–955 (2003).
206. Maccarrone M, Bari M, Battista N and Finazzi-Agrò A (2002) Estrogen stimulates arachidonoylethanolamide release from human endothelial cells and platelet activation. Blood 100: 4040–4048.
207. —.
208. 678–682, Wilson RI and Nicoll RA (2002) Endocannabinoid signaling in the brain. Science 296:.
209. 161–171, McAllister SD and Glass M (2002) CB1 and CB2 receptor-mediated signalling: a focus on endocannabinoids. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 66:.
210. 153–175, Di Marzo V (1998) ‘Endocannabinoids’ and other fatty acid derivatives with cannabimimetic properties: biochemistry and possible physiopathological relevance. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1392:.
211. 569–611, Pertwee RG (2001) Cannabinoid receptors and pain. Prog. Neurobiol. 63:.
212. Dance, a. (2019). As CBD skyrockets in popularity, scientists scramble to understand how it’s metabolized. Nature magazine, 14 novembre, 2019.
213. Hazekamp, A. (2018). The trouble with CBD oil. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids e 1:65–72.
214. Romano, L & Hazekamp A. (2013). Cannabis Oil: chemical evaluation of an upcoming cannabis-based medicine. Cannabinoids e 1(1):1-11.
215. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/it/news/cannabidiol-novel-food-evaluations-hold-pending-new-data).
216. Iffland, K., & Grotenhermen, F. (2019). An update on safety and side effects of cannabidiol: A review of clinical data and relevant animal studies. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2017 e 139–154, 2(1):.
217. Lucus, C., et al. (2018). The pharmaco*kinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. Br J Clin Pharmacol (2018) 84 2477–2482 2477.
218. Maccarrone, Mauro. “Endocannabinoids and regulation of female and male fertility.“ Pharmacologyonline 2 (2005): 30-37.
219. Fride et al. “Multiple Roles for the Endocannabinoid System During the Earliest Stages of Life: Pre- and Postnatal Development.” Journal of Neuroendocrinology (2008) 20 (Suppl. 1), 75–81.
220. Costa, Lia, et al. “Cannabinoid-induced autophagy: Protective or death role?“ Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators 122 (2016): 54-63.
221. Salazar M, Carracedo A, Salanueva IJ, Hernandez-Tiedra S, Lorente M, Egia A, Vazquez P, Blazquez C, Torres S, Garcia S, et al. Cannabinoid action induces autophagy-mediated cell death through stimulation of ER stress in human glioma cells J Clin Invest ,.
222. Galve-Roperh, I., Chiurchiù, V., Díaz-Alonso, J., Bari, M., Guzmán, M., & Maccarrone, M. (2013). Cannabinoid receptor signaling in progenitor/stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Progress in lipid research, 52(4), 633-650.
223. Galve-Roperh, Ismael, et al. “The endocannabinoid system and neurogenesis in health and disease.” The Neuroscientist 13.2 (2007): 109-114.
224. C. Pope, R. Mechoulam, L. Parsons, “Endocannabinoid Signaling in Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection.” in Neurotoxicology, Dec. 4, 2009.
225. Palomares O, Akdis M, Martín-Fontecha M, Akdis CA. Mechanisms of immune regulation in allergic diseases: the role of regulatory T and B cells. Immunol Rev. 2017 Jul e 278(1):219–36.
226. Agache I, Annesi-Maesano I, Bonertz A, Branca F, Cant A, Fras Z, et al. Prioritizing research challenges and funding for allergy and asthma and the need for translational research-The European Strategic Forum on Allergic Diseases. Allergy. 2019 Nov e 74(11).
227. Braun A, Engel T, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Zimmer A, Jakob T, Behrendt H, et al. Beneficial effects of cannabinoids (CB) in a murine model of allergen-induced airway inflammation: role of CB1/CB2 receptors. Immunobiology. 2011 Apr e 216(4):466–76.
228. Frei RB, Luschnig P, Parzmair GP, Peinhaupt M, Schranz S, Fauland A, et al. Cannabinoid receptor 2 augments eosinophil responsiveness and aggravates allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. Allergy. 2016 Jul e 71(7):944–56.
229. Chiurchiù V, Battistini L, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid signalling in innate and adaptive immunity. Immunology. 2015 Mar e 144(3):352–64.
230. Correa F, Docagne F, Clemente D, Mestre L, Becker C, Guaza C. Anandamide inhibits IL-12p40 production by acting on the promoter repressor element GA-12: possible involvement of the COX-2 metabolite prostamide E(2). Biochem J. 2008 Feb e 409(3):761–70.
231. Dhital S, Stokes JV, Park N, Seo KS, Kaplan BL. Cannabidiol (CBD) induces functional Tregs in response to low-level T cell activation. Cell Immunol. 2017 Feb e 312:25–34.
232. Vachon L, FitzGerald MX, Solliday NH, Gould IA, Gaensler EA. Single-dose effects of marihuana smoke. Bronchial dynamics and respiratory-center sensitivity in normal subjects. N Engl J Med. 1973 May e 288(19):985–9.
233. Tashkin DP, Reiss S, Shapiro BJ, Calvarese B, Olsen JL, Lodge JW. Bronchial effects of aerosolized delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy and asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1977 Jan e 115(1):57–65.
234. Zoerner AA, Stichtenoth DO, Engeli S, Batkai S, Winkler C, Schaumann F, et al. Allergen challenge increases anandamide in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with allergic asthma. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Sep e 90(3):388–91.
235. Gaffal E, Cron M, Glodde N, Tüting T. Anti-inflammatory activity of topical THC in DNFB-mediated mouse allergic contact dermatitis independent of CB1 and CB2 receptors. Allergy. 2013 Aug e 68(8):994–1000.
236. Tawada C, Kanoh H, Nakamura M, Mizutani Y, Fujisawa T, Banno Y, et al. Interferon-γ decreases ceramides with long-chain fatty acids: possible involvement in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2014 Mar e 134(3):712–8.
237. Bruce, Foster, Shattell. Perceived efficacy of medical Cannabis in the treatment of co-occurring health-related quality of life symptoms. Behavioral Medicine. 2021 e 170-174, 47:.
238. Bhaskar A, Bell A, Boivin M, Briques W, Brown M, Clarke H, Cyr C, Eisenberg E, de Oliveira Silva RF, Frohlich E, Georgius P, Hogg M, Horsted TI, MacCallum CA, Müller-Vahl KR, O'Connell C, Sealey R, Seibolt M, Sihota A, Smith BK, Sulak D, Vigano A, Moulin.
239. —.
240. Morena, M., et al.
241. Zuardi, A.W., et al.
242. research, Neurology Original e Medical cannabis for severe treatment resistant epilepsy in children: a case-series of 10 patients Rayyan Zafar1, 2, Anne Schlag, Lawrence Phillips, David J Nutt.
243. Hill AJ, Hill TDM, Whalley BJ. Endocannabinoids: Molecular, Pharmacological, Behavioral and Clinical Features. Oak Park, IL: Bentham Science Publishers, epilepsy, 2013. The development of cannabinoid based therapies for e 164–204, pp.
244. Cannabinoid receptor 1/2 double-knockout mice develop epilepsy. Rowley S, Sun X, Lima IV, Tavenier A, de Oliveira ACP, Dey SK, Danzer SC. Epilepsia. 2017 e 58:162–166.
245. Cannabidiol: pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Devinsky O, Cilio MR, Cross H, et al. Epilepsia. 2014 e 55:791–802.
246. Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial. Devinsky O, Marsh E, Friedman D, et al. Lancet Neurol. 2016 e 15:270–278.
247. Trial of cannabidiol for drug-resistant seizures in the Dravet syndrome. Devinsky O, Cross JH, Laux L, et al. N Engl J Med. 2017 e 376:2011–2020.
248. Drug-drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy. Geffrey AL, Pollack SF, Bruno PL, Thiele EA. Epilepsia. 2015 e 56:1246–1251.
249. Brain Research Volume 812, Issues 1–2, 23 November 1998, Pages Anandamide modulates sleep and memory in rats lEric Murillo-Rodrı́gueza Manuel Sánchez-Alaveza Luz Navarroa Dolores Martı́nez-Gonzáleza Rene Drucker-Colı́nab Oscar Prospéro-Garcı́a.
250. Russo, E.B. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency reconsidered: Current research supports the theory in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel, and other treatment-resistant syndromes. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016, 1, 154–165.
251. Heitland, I., et al.
252. J.P. Zajicek, et al. Multiple sclerosis and extract of cannabis: results of the MUSEC trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012 e 83:1125–1132.
253. Kiernan MC, Vucic S, Cheah BC, Turner MR, Eisen A, Hardiman O, Burrell JR, Zoing MC (March 2011). "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Lancet. 377 (9769): 942–955.
254. Hardiman O, Al-Chalabi A, Brayne C, Beghi E, van den Berg LH, Chio A, Martin S, Logroscino G, Rooney J (July 2017). "The changing picture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: lessons from European registers". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatr.
255. Kiernan MC, Vucic S, Cheah BC, Turner MR, Eisen A, Hardiman O, Burrell JR, Zoing MC (March 2011). "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Lancet. 377 (9769): 942–955.
256. Wingo TS, Cutler DJ, Yarab N, Kelly CM, Glass JD (2011). "The heritability of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a clinically ascertained United States research registry". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e27985.
257. Hobson EV, McDermott CJ (September 2016). "Supportive and symptomatic management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" (PDF). Nature Reviews. Neurology. 12 (9): 526–438.
258. Soriani M, Desnuelle C (May 2017). "Care management in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Revue Neurologique. 173 (5): 288–289.
259. Riva N, Mora G, Sorarù G, Lunetta C, Ferraro OE, Falzone Y, et al. Safety and efficacy of nabiximols on spasticity symptoms in patients with motor neuron disease (CANALS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet.
260. Meyer T, Funke A, Münch C, Kettemann D, Maier A, Walter B, Thomas A, Spittel S. Real world experience of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the treatment of spasticity using tetrahydrocannabinol:cannabidiol (THC:CBD). BMC Neurol. 2019 Se.
261. Bickenbach, J., Boldt, I., Brinkhof, M., Chamberlain, J., Cripps, R., Fitzharris, M., et al. (2013). “A Global Picture of Spinal Cord Injury,” in International Perspectives on Spinal Cord Injury (World Health Organization), 11–42.
262. Cannabinoid Use for Pain Reduction in Spinal Cord Injuries: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials - Sung Huang Laurent Tsai, Chun-Ru Lin, Shih-Chieh Shao, Chao-Hua Fang, Tsai-Sheng Fu, Tung-Yi Lin and Yu-Chiang Hung ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Fro.
263. Winter, Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2016 e 22(1): 3–12. Characteristics of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury Who Use Cannabis for Therapeutic Purposes Claudia Drossel, PhD, PhD, Martin Forchheimer, MPP, and Michelle A. Meade, PhD.
264. patients, Gracely RH et al. (2002) Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of augmented pain processing in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 46: 1333–1343) (Staud R et al. (2001) Abnormal sensitization and temporal summation of second pain (wind-up) in.
265. Richardson JD, Aanonsen L, Hargreaves KM Hypoactivity of the spinal cannabinoid system results in NMDA-dependent hyperalgesia. J Neurosci. 1998 Jan 1 e 18(1):451-7.
266. Fiz J, Durán M, Capellà D, Carbonell J, Farré M Cannabis use in patients with fibromyalgia: effect on symptoms relief and health-related quality of life. PLoS One. 2011 Apr 21 e e18440, 6(4):.
267. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? Russo EB Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2004 Feb-Apr e 25(1-2):31-9.
268. Modulating the endocannabinoid system in human health and disease-successes and failures. Pacher P, Kunos G FEBS J. 2013 May e 280(9):1918-43.
269. Nicolodi M, Volpe AR, Sicuteri F Fibromyalgia and headache. Failure of serotonergic analgesia and N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated neuronal plasticity: their common clues.
270. Richardson JD, Aanonsen L, Hargreaves KM Hypoactivity of the spinal cannabinoid system results in NMDA-dependent hyperalgesia. J Neurosci. 1998 Jan 1 e 18(1):451-7.
271. Fiz J, Durán M, Capellà D, Carbonell J, Farré M Cannabis use in patients with fibromyalgia: effect on symptoms relief and health-related quality of life. PLoS One. 2011 Apr 21 e 6(4):e18440.
272. Russo EB, Guy GW, Robson PJ Cannabis, pain, and sleep: lessons from therapeutic clinical trials of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicine. Chem Biodivers. 2007 Aug e 4(8):1729-43.
273. Russo EB, Hohmann AG. Role of cannabinoids in pain management. In: Comprehensive Treatment of Chronic Pain by Medical, Interventional and Behavioral Approaches (Deer T, Gordin V, eds.). Springer: New York, 2013, pp. 181–197.
274. National Pain Report. Marijuana rated most effective for treating fibromyalgia. National Pain Report, 2014. Available at: http://nationalpainreport.com/marijuana-rated-most-effective-for-treating-fibromyalgia-8823638.html.
275. https://www.singlecare.com, Eating disorder statistics 2022.
276. GROSS, HOWARD, et al.
277. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, The Impact of Δ9-THC on the Psychological Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study.
278. https://link.springer.com, Treatment studies with cannabinoids in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review.
279. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Endocannabinoids in the regulation of appetite and body weight.
280. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, The role of the endocannabinoid system in eating disorders: pharmacological implications.
281. Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilco*ck A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE. Definition and classification of cancer ca.
282. Go SI, Kim HG, Kang ME, Park S, Lee GW. Prognostic model based on the geriatric nutritional risk index and sarcopenia in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2020 e 20:439.
283. 2019, Linee Guida AIOM “Trattamento e prevenzione della cachessia neoplastica” – ottobre.
284. Arends J, Bachmann P, Baracos V, Barthelemy N, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, Fearon K, Hütterer E, Isenring E, Kaasa S, Krznaric Z, Laird B, Larsson M, Laviano A, Mühlebach S, Muscaritoli M, Oldervoll L, Ravasco P, Solheim T, Strasser F, de van der Schueren M, Pre.
285. Roeland EJ, Bohlke K, Baracos VE, Bruera E, del Fabbro E, Dixon S, Fallon M, Herrstedt J, Lau H, Platek M, Rugo HS, Schnipper HH, Smith TJ, Tan W, Loprinzi CL. Management of Cancer Cachexia: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2020 e 38.
286. Heckmayr M, Gatzemeier U. Treatment of cancer weight loss in patients with advanced lung cancer. Oncology 1992 e 49(Suppl.2):32-4.
287. Loprinzi CL, Michalak JC, Schaid DJ, Mailliard JA, Athmann LM, Goldberg RM, Tschetter LK, Hatfield AK, Morton RF. Phase III Evaluation of Four Doses of Megestrol Acetate as Therapy for Patients With Cancer Anorexia and/or Cachexia. J Clin Oncol 1993 e 11:76.
288. Beller E, Tattersall M, Lumley T, Levi J, Dalley D, Olver I, Page J, Abdi E, Wynne C, Friedlander M, Boadle D, Wheeler H, Margrie S, Simes RJ on behalf of the Australasian Megestrol Acetate Cooperative Study Group. Improved quality of life with megestrol.
289. Ruiz-García V, López-Briz E, Carbonell-Sanchis R, Bort-Martí S, Gonzálvez-Perales JL. Megestrol acetate for cachexia–anorexia syndrome. A systematic review. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2018 e 9:444–452.
290. Saeteaw M, Sanguanboonyaphong P, Yoodee J, Craft K, Sawangjit R, Ngamphaiboon N, Chattranukulchai Shantavasinkul P, Subongkot S, Chaiyakunapruk N. Efficacy and safety of pharmacological cachexia interventions: systematic review and network meta-analysis.
291. Zhang L, Alger BE. Enhanced endocannabinoid signaling elevates neuronal excitability in fragile X syndrome. J Neurosci. 2010 e 30:5724–5729) (Maccarrone M, Rossi S, Bari M, et al.. Abnormal mGlu 5 receptor/endocannabinoid coupling in mice lacking FMRP and B.
292. Maione S, Piscitelli F, Gatta L, et al.. Non-psychoactive cannabinoids modulate the descending pathway of antinociception in anaesthetized rats through several mechanisms of action. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 e 162:584–596.
293. Huber KM, Gallagher SM, Warren ST, et al.. Altered synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of fragile X mental retardation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 e 99:7746–7750.
294. Lozano R, Martinez-Cerdeno V, Hagerman RJ. Advances in the understanding of the gabaergic neurobiology of FMR1 expanded alleles leading to targeted treatments for Fragile X Spectrum disorder. Curr Pharm Des. 2015 e 21:4972–4979.
295. Bakas T, van Nieuwenhuijzen PS, Devenish SO, et al.. The direct actions of cannabidiol and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol at GABAA receptors. Pharmacol Res. 2017 e 119:358–370.
296. Campos AC, Guimaraes FS. Involvement of 5HT1A receptors in the anxiolytic-like effects of cannabidiol injected into the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray rats. Psychopharmacology. 2008 e 199:223–230.
297. Norris C, Loureiro M, Kramar C, et al.. Cannabidiol modulates fear memory formation through interactions with seratonergic transmission in the mesolimbic system. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016 e 41:2839–2850.
298. Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome with Cannabidiol: A Case Series Study and Brief Review of the Literature Nicole Tartaglia, Marcel Bonn-Miller, and Randi Hagerman, Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2019 e 3–9, 4(1):.
299. From Cannabinoids and Neurosteroids to Statins and the Ketogenic Diet: New Therapeutic Avenues in Rett Syndrome? Francisco Melo Mouro, Catarina Miranda-Lourenço, Ana Maria Sebastião, and Maria José Diógenes Front Neurosci 2019 e 680, 13:.
300. CBD-enriched cannabis for autism spectrum disorder: an experience of a single center in Turkey and reviews of the literature Serap Bilge & Barış Ekici Journal of Cannabis Research volume 3, Article number: 53 (2021).
301. Intranasal Borneol improves the behavioral problems and enhances the immunologic function in children with autism Yvonne Ming Yee Han, S.S.L. Sze, C.K. Wong, A.S. Chan Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
302. stress, Science News Low-dose THC can relieve e more does just the opposite June 2, 2017 Source: University of Illinois at Chicago.
303. Nov, Brain Behav Immun. 2016 e 58:237-247. Epub 2016 Jul 21. Deficient adolescent social behavior following early-life inflammation is ameliorated by augmentation of anandamide signaling V M Doenni, J M Gray, C M Song , S Patel , M N Hill, Q J Pittman.
304. Sep, Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2017 e 2(6):476-486. The Default Mode Network in Autism Aarthi Padmanabhan, Charles J Lynch, Marie Schaer, Vinod Menon.
305. The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder Amory Meltzer & Judy Van de Water Neuro-psychopharmacology volume 42, pages284–298 (2017).
306. Apr, (Molecules. 2019 e 24(8): 1459. Published online 2019 Apr 12. doi: 10.3390/molecules24081459 Use of Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Epilepsy: Efficacy and Security in Clinical Trials Serena Silvestro, Santa Mammana, Eugenio Cavalli, Placido Bramanti, a.
307. Moore BA, Augustson EM, Moser RP, Budney AJ. Respiratory effects of marijuana and tobacco use in a U.S. sample. J Gen Intern Med. 2005 e 20:33–7.
308. Kempker JA, Honig EG, Martin GS. The effects of marijuana exposure on expiratory airflow. A study of adults who participated in the U.S. National Health and nutrition examination study. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015 e 12:135–41.
309. A longitudinal study of cannabis use increasing the use of asthma medication in young Norwegian adults Jørgen G. Bramness & Tilmann von Soest BMC Pulmonary Medicine volume 19, Article number: 52 (2019).
310. Tetrault JM, Crothers K, Moore BA, Mehra R, Concato J, Fiellin DA. Effects of marijuana smoking on pulmonary function and respiratory complications: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2007 e 167:221–8.
311. Tashkin DP, Shapiro BJ, Frank IM. Acute effects of smoked marijuana and oral delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on specific airway conductance in asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1974 e 109:420–8.
312. Tashkin DP, Shapiro BJ, Lee YE, Harper CE. Effects of smoked marijuana in experimentally induced asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975 e 112:377–86.
313. Tashkin DP, Reiss S, Shapiro BJ, Calvarese B, Olsen JL, Lodge JW. Bronchial effects of aerosolized delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy and asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1977 e 115:57–65.
314. Abboud RT, Sanders HD. Effect of oral administration of delta-tetrahydrocannabinol on airway mechanics in normal and asthmatic subjects. Chest. 1976 e 70:480–5.
315. Williams SJ, Hartley JP, Graham JD. Bronchodilator effect of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol administered by aerosol of asthmatic patients. Thorax. 1976 e 31:720–3.
316. Apr, Isr Med Assoc J. 2020 e 22(4):232-235. Medical Cannabis in Asthmatic Patients Amir Jarjou'i, Gabriel Izbicki.
317. Asthma Canada. (2022, January 28). Airway remodelling explained. Asthma Canada. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
318. Harris GE, Dupuis L, Mugford GJ, et al. Patterns and correlates of cannabis use among individuals with HIV/AIDS in Maritime Canada. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2014 e 25(1):e1-7.
319. Gianella S., Letendre S. Cytomegalovirus and HIV: A Dangerous Pas de Deux. J. Infect. Dis. 2016 e 2):S67–S74, 214(Suppl.
320. Brenchley J.M., Price D.A., Schacker T.W., Asher T.E., Silvestri G., Rao S., Kazzaz Z., Bornstein E., Lambotte O., Altmann D., et al. Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nat. Med. 2006 e 12:1365–1371.
321. Ellis R., Langford D., Masliah E. HIV and antiretroviral therapy in the brain: Neuronal injury and repair. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2007 e 8:33–44.
322. Zhou L., Saksena N.K. HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2013, 5:e8.) (Hong S., Banks W.A. Role of the immune system in HIV-associated neuroinflammation and neurocognitive implications. Brain Behav. Immun. 2015 e 45:1–12.
323. Pacher P., Mechoulam R. Is lipid signaling through cannabinoid 2 receptors part of a protective system? Prog. Lipid Res. 2011 e 50:193–211.
324. Eibach L., Scheffel S., Cardebring M., Lettau M., Ozgur Celik M., Morguet A., Roehle R., Stein C. Cannabidivarin for HIV-Associated Neuropathic Pain: A Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2021 e 109:1055–1062.
325. Persidsky Y., Fan S., Dykstra H., Reichenbach N.L., Rom S., Ramirez S.H. Activation of Cannabinoid Type Two Receptors (CB2) Diminish Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages and Brain Endothelium. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2015 e 10:302–308.
326. Ramirez S.H., Hasko J., Skuba A., Fan S., Dykstra H., McCormick R., Reichenbach N., Krizbai I., Mahadevan A., Zhang M., et al. Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 attenuates leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and blood-brain barrier dysfunction unde.
327. Watson C.W., Morgan E.E., Paolillo E.W., Ellis R.J., Letendre S.L., Grant I. Recent Cannabis Use is Associated with Lower Levels of Inflammatory Chemokines MCP-1 and IP-10 in CSF Among People Living with HIV e N, Proceedings of the 48th Annual International.
328. Symptoms, Cannabis Use in HIV for Pain and Other Medical e Emily Woolridge, MB BS, BSc Simon Barton, MB BS (Distinction), BSc, FRCP (Ed), FRCP (London) Jonathon Samuel, BSc Jess Osorio, BSc Andrew Dougherty, BSc Anita Holdcroft, MB ChB, MD, FRCA.
329. Cannabinoid Administration Attenuates the Progression of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Patricia E. Molina, Peter Winsauer, Ping Zhang, Edith Walker, Leslie Birke, Angela Amedee, Curtis Vande Stouwe, Dana Troxclair, Robin McGoey, Kurt Varner, Lauri Byerley.
330. Stevens AJ, Higgins MD. A systematic review of the analgesic efficacy of cannabinoid medications in the management of acute pain. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017 e 61(3):268–80.
331. Legge 08 aprile 1998, n. 94. Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del decreto-legge 17 febbraio 1998, n. 23, recante disposizioni urgenti in materia di sperimentazioni cliniche in campo oncologico e altre misure in materia sanitaria. (G.U. Serie Gener.
332. Ministero della Salute, Ministero della Difesa. Accordo di collaborazione tra il Ministro della salute e il Ministro della Difesa per l’avvio del Progetto Pilota per la produzione nazionale di sostanze e preparazioni di origine vegetale a base di cannabis.
333. Bonn-Miller MO, Boden MT, Bucossi MM, Babson KA. Selfreported cannabis use characteristics, patterns and helpfulness among medical cannabis users. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2014 e 40:23-30.
334. Ilgen MA, Bohnert K, Kleinberg F, Jannausch M, Bohnert AS, Walton M, et al. Characteristics of adults seeking medical marijuana certification. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013 e 132:654-9.
335. Degenhardt L, Lintzeris N, Campbell G, Bruno R, Cohen M, Farrell M, et al. Experience of adjunctive cannabis use for chronic noncancer pain: findings from the Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015 e 147:144-50.
336. Reisfield GM, Wasan AD, Jamison RN. The prevalence and significance of cannabis use in patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy: a review of the extant literature. Pain Med 2009 e 10:1434-41.
337. Martín-Sánchez E, Furukawa TA, Taylor J, Martin JLR. Systematic review and metaanalysis of Cannabis treatment for chronic pain. Pain Med. 2009 e 10(8):1353.
338. Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, Di NM, Duffy S, Hernandez AV, et al. Cannabinoids for medical use a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015 e 313(24):2456–73.
339. Campbell FA, Tramèr MR, Carroll D, Reynolds DJM, Moore RA. Are cannabinoids an effective and safe treatment option in the management of pain? A qualitative systematic review. BMJ. 2001 e 323:1–6.
340. Deshpande A, Mailis-gagnon A, Zoheiry N, Lakha S. Efficacy and adverse effects of medical marijuana for chronic noncancer pain. Can Fam Physician. 2015 e 61:372–81.
341. Snedecor SJ, Sudharshan L, Cappelleri JC, Sadosky A, Mehta S, Botteman M. Systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacological therapies for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Pain Pract. 2014 e 14(2):167–84.
342. Khaiser M, Pharmd C, Peng M, Pharmd C, Ahrari S, Mscphm C, et al. Medical cannabis dosing strategies in pain-related conditions: a scoping review of current literature. J Pain Manag. 2016 e 9(4):449–63.
343. Gastroenterology, (“The Effectiveness of Common Cannabis Products for Treatment of Nausea" Journal of Clinical.
344. https://www.nps.org.au/assets/Medicinal-cannabis-evidence-summary-nausea.pdf.
345. https://www.washingtonpost.com, fonte:.
346. Porcella A., Maxia C., Gessa G. L., Pani L. The human eye expresses high levels of CB1 cannabinoid receptor mRNA and protein. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2000 e 12(3):1123–1127.
347. Straiker A. J., Maguire G., Mackie K., Lindsey J. Localization of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the human anterior eye and retina. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 1999 e 40(10):2442–2448.
348. Wei Y., Wang X., Wang L. Presence and regulation of cannabinoid receptors in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Molecular Vision. 2009 e 15:1243–1251.
349. —.
350. Chen J., Matias I., Dinh T., et al. Finding of endocannabinoids in human eye tissues: implications for glaucoma. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2005 e 330(4):1062–1067.
351. Matias I., Wang J. W., Moriello A. S., Nieves A., Woodward D. F., Di Marzo V. Changes in endocannabinoid and palmitoylethanolamide levels in eye tissues of patients with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Prostaglandins Leukotriene.
352. Stamer W. D., Golightly S. F., Hosohata Y., et al. Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor expression, activation and detection of endogenous ligand in trabecular meshwork and ciliary process tissues. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2001 e 431(3):277–286.
353. 2008, Yazulla S. Endocannabinoids in the retina: from marijuana to neuroprotection. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. e 27(5):501–526.
354. —.
355. Opere C. A., Zheng W. D., Zhao M., Lee J. S., Kulkarni K. H., Ohia S. E. Inhibition of potassium- and ischemia-evoked [3H] D-aspartate release from isolated bovine retina by cannabinoids. Current Eye Research. 2006 e 31(7-8):645–653.
356. Behl T., Kaur I., Kotwani A. Implication of oxidative stress in progression of diabetic retinopathy. Survey of Ophthalmology. 2015.
357. Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Differentially Regulate Intraocular Pressure. Sally Miller et al. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 2018.
358. Does Marijuana Help Treat Glaucoma or Other Eye Conditions? By David Turbert, Dan Gudgel Reviewed By Andrew George Iwach, MD Edited By Anni Delfaro Dec. 09, 2022.
359. Sandyk R, Awerbuch G. Marijuana and Tourette’s syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1988 e 444-5, 8(6):.
360. Harcherik DF, Leckman JF, Detlor J, Cohen DJ. A new instru- ment for clinical studies of Tourette’s syndrome. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 e 153-60, 23(2):.
361. Muller-Vahl K, Schneider U, Emrich H. Combined treatment of Tourette-Syndrome with delts-9-THC and dopamine recep- tor antagonists. J Cannabis Therap. 2002 e 145-54, 2:.
362. Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Koblenz A, Jo ̈ bges M, Kolbe H, Daldrup T, et al. Treatment of Tourette’s syndrome with Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): a randomized crossover trial. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2002 e 57-61, 35(2):.
363. Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Prevedel H, Theloe K, Kolbe H, Daldrup T, et al. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6- week randomized trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003 e 65, 64(4): 459-.
364. Brunnauer A, Segmiller FM, Volkamer T, Laux G, Mu ̈ller N, Dehning S. Cannabinoids improve driving ability in a Tourette’s patient. Psychiatry Res. 2011 e 382, 190(2–3):.
365. Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson’s disease, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, the Lancet, Neurology 17 (11) (2018) 939–953.
366. Crippa Mateus M Bergamaschi, Antonio Carlos dos Santos, Antonio Lucio Teixeira, Jaime EC Hallak and José Alexandre S Marcos Hortes N Chagas, Antonio W Zuardi, Vitor Tumas, Márcio Alexandre Pena-Pereira, Emmanuelle T Sobreira, double-blind trial Effects of.
367. Zuardi AW, Shirakawa I, Finkelfarb E, Karniol IG. Action of cannabidiol on the anxiety and other effects produced by delta 9-THC in normal subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1982 e 76:245-50.
368. Carlini EA, Cunha JM. Hypnotic and antiepileptic effects of cannabidiol. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981 e 21:417S-27S.
369. Verrotti A, Striano P, Iapadre G, Zagaroli L, Bonanni P, Coppola G, et al. The pharmacological management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and critical literature review. Seizure. 2018 e 63:17-25.
370. Peres FF, Lima AC, Hallak JE, Crippa JA, Silva RH, Abilio VC. Cannabidiol as a promising strategy to treat and prevent movement disorders? Front Pharmacol. 2018 e 9:482.
371. Barata L, Arruza L, Rodriguez MJ, Aleo E, Vierge E, Criado E, et al. Neuroprotection by cannabidiol and hypothermia in a piglet model of newborn hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Neuropharmacology. 2019 e 146:1-11.
372. McPartland JM, Duncan M, Di Marzo V, Pertwee RG. Are cannabidiol and Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin negative modulators of the endocannabinoid system? A systematic review. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 e 172:737-53.
373. 1986, Hollister LE. Health aspects of cannabis. Pharmacol Rev e 38:1-20.
374. 1988, Hollister LE. Cannabis-1988. Acta Psichiatr Scand e (Suppl.):108-11, 345.
375. Linszen DH, Dingemans PM, Lenior ME. Cannabis abuse and the course of recent onset schizophrenic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994 e 51:273-9.
376. Barry KL, Fleming MF, Greenley JR, Kropp S, Widlak P. Characteristics of persons with severe mental illness and substance abuse in rural areas. Psychiatr Serv 1996 e 47:88-90.
377. Owen RR, Fischer EP, Booth BM, Cuffel B. J. Medication non-compliance and substance abuse among patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv 1996 e 47:853-8.
378. Mueser KT, Yarnold PR, Levinson DR, Singh H, Bellack AS, Kee K, et al. Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: demographic and clinical correlates. Schizophr Bull 1990 e 16:31-56.
379. Mueser KT, Yarnold PR, Bellack AS. Diagnostic and demographic correlates of substance abuse in schizophrenia and major affective disorder. Acta Psichiatr Scand 1992 e 85:48-55.
380. Dixon L, Haas G, Weiden PJ, Sweeney, Frances AJ. Drug abuse in schizophrenia: clinical correlates and reasons for use. Am J Psychiatry 1991 e 148:224-30.
381. Assunzione di cannabis e schizofrenia: rapporto con esordio, decorso e psicopatologia, V. Orlandi, G. Bersani, III Clinica Psichiatrica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza".
382. Lehman AF, Myers CP, Corty CP. Assessment and classification of patients with psychiatric and substance syndromes. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1989 e 40:1019-25.) (Soni SD, Gaskell K, Reed P. Factors affecting rehospitalization rates of chronic schizophrenic.
383. Peralta V, Cuesta MJ. Influence of cannabis abuse on schizophrenic psychopathology. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992 e 85:127-30.) (Dixon L, Haas G, Weiden PJ, Sweeney, Frances AJ. Drug abuse in schizophrenia: clinical correlates and reasons for use. Am J Psychia.
384. Patel S, Khan S, M S, Hamid P. The Association Between Cannabis Use and Schizophrenia: Causative or Curative? A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2020 Jul 21 e 12(7).
385. Association, American Psychiatric Association. Arlington: American Psychiatric e DSM-5, 2013. Desk reference to the diagnostic criteria from.
386. A review of Indian research on co-occurring cannabis use disorders& psychiatric disorders. Singh S, Balhara YPS. Indian J Med Res. 2017 e 146:186–195.
387. Cannabis and psychosis through the lens of DSM-5. Pearson NT, Berry JH. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 e 16:4149.
388. A review of Indian research on co-occurring cannabis use disorders& psychiatric disorders. Singh S, Balhara YPS. Indian J Med Res. 2017 e 146:186–195.
389. Assessing causality in associations between cannabis use and schizophrenia risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Gage SH, Jones HJ, Burgess S, et al. Psychol Med. 2017 e 47:971–980.
390. 2018, The potential of cannabidiol treatment for cannabis users with recent-onset psychosis. Hahn B. Schizophr Bull. e 44:46–53.
391. Associations between adolescent cannabis use and brain structure in psychosis. Abush H, Ghose S, Van Enkevort EA, et al. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2018 e 276:53–64.
392. Assessing causality in associations between cannabis use and schizophrenia risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Gage SH, Jones HJ, Burgess S, et al. Psychol Med. 2017 e 47:971–980.
393. Cannabis and development of dual diagnoses: A literature review. Hanna RC, Perez JM, Ghose S. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2017 e 43:442–455.
394. Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: a clinically-focused systematic review. Sarris J, Sinclair J, Karamacoska D, Davidson M, Firth J. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 e 20:24–2020.
395. Marijuana use in the immediate 5-year premorbid period is associated with increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Kelley ME, Wan CR, Broussard B, et al. Schizophr Res. 2016 e 171:62–67.
396. Cognitive function in individuals with psychosis: moderation by adolescent cannabis use. Hanna RC, Shalvoy A, Cullum CM, et al. Schizophr Bull. 2016 e 42:1496–1503.
397. Marijuana use in the immediate 5-year premorbid period is associated with increased risk of the onset of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Kelley ME, Wan CR, Broussard B, et al. Schizophr Res. 2016 e 171:62–67.
398. Associations between adolescent cannabis use and brain structure in psychosis. Abush H, Ghose S, Van Enkevort EA, et al. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2018 e 276:53–64.
399. Lewecke FM et al. Elevated endogenous cannabinoids in schizofrenia, Neuroreport 10 (8), 1665-1669.
400. Giuffrida A, Leweke FM, Gerth CW, et al. Cerebrospinal anandamide levels are elevated in acute schizophrenia and are inversely correlated with psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004 e 29:2108-2114.
401. De Marchi N et al. Endocannabinoidi signalling in the blood of patients with schizofrenia, Lipids Health Dis. 2,5.
402. Pistis M, Ferraro L, Pira L, et al. Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol decreases extracellular GABA and increases extracellular glutamate and dopamine levels in the rat prefrontal cortex: an in vivo micro- dialysis study. Brain Res 2002 e 948:155-158.
403. D'Souza DC, Perry E, MacDougall L, et al. The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004 e 29:1558-1572.
404. Morrison PD, Zois V, McKeown DA, et al. The acute effects of synthetic intravenous Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on psychosis, mood and cognitive functioning. Psychol Med 2009 e 39:1607-1616.
405. Di Forti M, Sallis H, Allegri F, et al. Daily use, especially of high- potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of psychosis in cannabis users. Schizophr Bull 2014 e 40:1509-1517.
406. van Amsterdam J, Brunt T, van den Brink W. The adverse health effects of synthetic cannabinoids with emphasis on psychosis-like effects. J Psychopharmacol 2015 e 29:254-263.
407. Levin R, Almeida V, Peres FF, et al. Antipsychotic profile of cannabidiol and rimonabant in an animal model of emotional con- text processing in schizophrenia. Curr Pharm Des 2012 e 4965, 18:4960-.
408. Leweke FM, Piomelli D, Pahlisch F, et al. Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2012 e e94, 2:.
409. Martin-Santos R, Crippa JA, Batalla A, et al. Acute effects of a single, oral dose of d9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) administration in healthy volunteers. Curr Pharm Des 2012 e 18:4966-4979.
410. Iseger TA, Bossong MG. A systematic review of the antipsychotic properties of cannabidiol in humans. Schizophr Res 2015 e 161, 162:153-.
411. Zuardi AW, Morais SL, Guimarães FS, Mechoulam R. Antipsychotic effect of cannabidiol. J Clin Psychiatry 1995 e 485-486, 56:.
412. Leweke FM, Piomelli D, Pahlisch F, et al. Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2012 e e94, 2:.
413. Maaron J, Bost J. Review of the neurological benefits of phytocannabinoids. Surg Neurol Int. 2018 Apr 26 e 9:91.
414. Ramirez BG, Blazquez C, Gomez del Pulgar T, Guzman M, de Ceballos ML. Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease pathology by cannabinoids: Neuroprotection mediated by blockade of microglial activation. J Neurosci 2005 e 25:1904-13.
415. Walther S, Mahlberg R, Eichmann U, Kunz D. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for nighttime agitation in severe dementia. Psychopharmacology 2006 e 185:524-8.
416. Passmore, M.J. The cannabinoid receptor agonist nabilone for the treatment of dementia-related agitation. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 2008, 23, 116-117.
417. CDC. Wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research (WONDER) Atlanta, GA: CDC, National Center for Health Statistics e 2016.) (Rudd RA, Seth P, David F., Scholl L. Increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths—United States, 2010–2015. MMWR Mo.
418. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Opioid Crisis: No Easy Fix to Its Social and Economic Determinants.
419. Relieving pain in america: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research https://www.tandfonline.com.
420. Crane EH. Emergency department visits involving buprenorphine. The CBHSQ Report: January 29, 2013. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD.
421. Garcia-Portilla MP, Bobes-Bascaran MT, Bascaran MT, Saiz PA, & Bobes J. Long term outcomes of pharmacological treatments for opioid dependence: does methadone still lead the pack? British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2012 e 77:272–284.
422. Opioids Out, Cannabis In Negotiating the Unknowns in Patient Care for Chronic Pain Esther K. Choo, MD, MPH Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing, PhD.
423. Cannabis and Cannabinoid ResearchVol. 2, No. 1 Original Research: Cannabis as a Substitute for Opioid-Based Pain Medication: Patient Self-Report e Amanda Reiman, Mark Welty, and Perry Solomon.
424. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Cannabis and Pain: A Clinical Review - PubMed.
425. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Medical cannabis for the reduction of opioid dosage in the treatment of non-cancer chronic pain: a systematic review - PubMed.
426. 2017, Associations between medical cannabis and prescription opioid use in chronic pain patients: A preliminary cohort study PLoS One. e 16, 12(11): e0187795. Published online 2017 Nov.
427. Martell BA, O’Connor PG, Kerns RD et al. Opioid treatment for chronic back pain: Prevalence, efficacy, and association with addiction. Ann Intern Med. 2007 e 146:116–127.
428. Shaheed CA, Maher CG, Williams KA, Day R, & McLachlan AJ. Efficacy, tolerability, and dose-dependent effects of opioid analgesics for low back pain. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 e 176(7).
429. Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB, et al. The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop. Ann Intern Med. 2015 e 162(4):276–286.
430. Trescot A, Glaser SE, Hansen H, Benyamin R, Patel S, & Manchikanti L. Effectiveness of opioids in the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain. Pain Physician 2008 e S181–S200, 11:.
431. Hill KP, Weiss RD. Minimal physical health risk associated with long-term cannabis use—but buyer beware. JAMA. 2016 e 315(21):2338–2339.
432. Tashkin DP. Effects of marijuana smoking on the lung. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, Vol. 10, No. 3 (2013), pp. 239–247.
433. Ware MA, Wang T, Shapiro S, Collet J, & COMPASS study team. Cannabis for the management of pain: Assessment of safety study (COMPASS). J Pain 2015 e 16(12):1233–1242.
434. Fuster D, Sanvisens A, Bolao F, et al. Cannabis as a secondary drug is not associated with a greater risk of death in patients with opiate, cocaine, or alcohol dependence. J Addiction Medicine. Epub 2016. October 6.
435. 2001, Ashton CH. Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: a brief review. Br J Psychiatry e (2):101–6, 178.
436. Calabria B, Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. Does cannabis use increase the risk of death? Systematic review of epidemiological evidence on adverse effects of cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2010 e 318–30, 29(3):.
437. Zheng, L.W., Hua, H. e Cheung, L.K. Traditional Chinese medicine and oral diseases: Today and tomorrow. Oral Dis. 2011, 17, 7–12.
438. Allaker, R.P. e Douglas, C.W. Novel anti-microbial therapies for dental plaque-related diseases. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2009, 33.
439. 2018, Cannabidiol 360. How Effective Is CBD for Dental Pain? 6 September.
440. Ward, A. CBD Toothpaste Sounds Like a Good Idea but Lacks Conclusive Studies Proving It Is, 3 June 2019.
441. Sanger, B. New Cannabis Toothpaste Has People Losing Their Minds. 12 August 2019.
442. Stahl, V. e Vasudevan, K. Comparison of Efficacy of Cannabinoids versus Commercial Oral Care Products in Reducing Bacterial Content from Dental Plaque: A Preliminary Observation. Cureus 2020, 12, e6809.
443. Vasudevan, K. e Stahl, V. Cannabinoids infused mouthwash products are as effective as chlorhexidine on inhibition of total- culturable bacterial content in dental plaque samples. J. Cannabis Res. 2020, 2, 20.
444. Vucˇkovic ́, S., et al.
445. Sunariani, J., Wijaksana, I.K.E. e Setiawatie, E.M. The Role of Vanilloid and Cannabinoid Receptors in Taste and Pain Perception in Burning Mouth Syndrome. In Proceedings of the 7th International Meeting and the 4th Joint Scientific Meeting in Dentistry, S.
446. Gambino, A., et al.
447. Vasudevan, K. e Stahl, V. Cannabinoids infused mouthwash products are as effective as chlorhexidine on inhibition of total- culturable bacterial content in dental plaque samples. J. Cannabis Res. 2020, 2, 20.
448. Appendino, G., et al.
449. Chebbi, Y. Cbd: A Natural Remedy for Dental Anxiety. 24 July 2020).
450. Cohen, P. Treating Dental Anxiety with Natural Remedies Like CBD. 15 February 2019.
451. Ishida M, Kuroiwa Y, Yoshida E, et al. Residual symptoms and disease burden among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission or low disease activity: a systematic literature review. Mod Rheumatol. 2018 e 28:789–99.
452. Richardson D, Pearson RG, Kurian N, et al. Characterization of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008 e R43, 10:.
453. Lowin T, Pongratz G, Straub RH. The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 mesylate decreases the production of inflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by activating CB2, TRPV1, TRPA1 and yet unidentified receptor targets. J Inflamm.
454. Blake DR, Robson P, Ho M, Jubb RW, McCabe CS. Preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006 e 45:50–2.
455. Naftali T, Lev LB, Yablecovitch D, Half E, Konikoff FM. Treatment of Crohn's disease with cannabis: an observational study. The Israel Medical Association Journal: IMAJ. 2011 Aug e 13(8):455-458.
456. Arun Swaminath, MD, Eric P Berlin, JD, Adam Cheifetz, MD, Ed Hoffenberg, MD, Jami Kinnucan, MD, Laura Wingate, Sarah Buchanan, Nada Zmeter, MD, David T Rubin, MD, The Role of Cannabis in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Clinical,.
457. Valeria Giorgi, Daniela Marotto, Alberto Batticciotto, Fabiola Atzeni, Sara Bongiovanni & Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini (2021) Cannabis and Autoimmunity: Possible Mechanisms of Action, ImmunoTargets and Therapy, , 261-271.
458. Richardson D, Pearson RG, Kurian N, et al. Characterisation of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008 e 10:R43.
459. Blake DR, Robson P, Ho M, Jubb RW, McCabe CS. Preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology. 2006 e 45:50–52.
460. Pesce M, D’Alessandro A, Borrelli O, et al. Endocannabinoid- related compounds in gastrointestinal diseases. J Cell Mol Med. 2018 e 22:706–715.
461. Massa F, Marsicano G, Hermann H, et al. The endogenous cannabinoid system protects against colonic inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2004 e 113:1202–1209.
462. Marquéz L, Suárez J, Iglesias M, Bermudez-Silva FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Andreu M. Ulcerative colitis induces changes on the expression of the endocannabinoid system in the human colonic tissue. PLoS One. 2009 e e6893, 4:.
463. Navarini L, Bisogno T, Mozetic P, Piscitelli F, Margiotta DPE, Basta F, Afeltra A, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid system in systemic lupus erythematosus: First evidence for a deranged 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Jun e 99.
464. Cytotoxicity, anti-acute leukemia, and antioxidant properties of gold nanoparticles green-synthesized using Cannabis sativa L leaf aqueous extract Yali Chang, Chengyun Zheng, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Tahani Awad Alahmadi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi e Volume 14.
465. McLeod, H.L., et al.
466. Adamson, P.C., et al.
467. —.
468. Wong, S.S. e Wilens, T.E. Medical Cannabinoids in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2017, 140, e20171818.
469. Devinsky, O., et al.
470. Devinsky, O., et al.
471. Miller, I., et al.
472. Devinsky, O., et al.
473. Thiele, E.A., et al.
474. Thiele, E., et al.
475. Thiele, E.A., et al.
476. Borgelt, L.M., et al.
477. Andradas, C., et al.
478. Pergam SA, Woodfield MC, Lee CM, et al. Cannabis use among patients at a comprehensive cancer center in a state with legalized medicinal and recreational use. Cancer 2017 e 123:4488-97.
479. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. The National Academies Press e 2017.
480. Sarris J, Sinclair J, Karamacoska D, Davidson M, Firth J. Medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders: a clinically-focused systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2020 e 20(1):24.
481. Medical Cannabis and Utilization of Nonhospice Palliative Care Services: Complements and Alternatives at End of Life James A Croker, PhD, Julie Bobitt, PhD, Kanika Arora, PhD, Brian Kaskie, PhD.
482. Cannabis in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence Author links open overlay panel Marjan Doppen, Stacey Kung, Ingrid Maijers, Mary John, Harriette Dunphy, Hermaleigh Townsley, Allie Eathorne, Alex Semprini, Irene Braithwaite.
483. Hartung B, Kauferstein S, Ritz-Timme S, et al. Sudden unexpected death under acute influence of cannabis. Forensic Sci Int 2014 e e11-13, 237:.
484. Hashim PW, Cohen JL, Pompei DT, Goldenberg G. Topical cannabinoids in dermatology. Cutis. 2017 Jul e 100(1):50-2.
485. Mounessa JS, Siegel JA, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP. The role of cannabinoids in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jul e 77(1):188-90.
486. Ahsan A, B E, Bhowmick A, Bodner J, et al. The Risks and Benefits of Cannabis in the Dermatology Clinic [Internet]. Philadelphia, USA: Health Union, LLC e 2017.
487. Morris SY. Is Cannabis an Effective Treatment for Psoriasis? San Francisco, CA e Jan, 2018.
488. (Eagleston LRM, Kalani NK, Patel RR, Flaten HK, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP. Cannabinoids in dermatology: a scoping review. Dermatol Online J.
489. Yuan C, Wang XM, Guichard A, et al. N-palmitoylethanolamine and N-acetylethanolamine are effective in asteatotic eczema: results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled study in 60 patients. Clin Interv Aging. 2014 e 9:1163–1169.
490. Mounessa JS, Siegel JA, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP. The role of cannabinoids in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jul e 77(1):188-90.
491. Kupczyk P, Reich A, Szepietowski JC. Cannabinoid system in the skin - a possible target for future therapies in dermatology. Exp Dermatol. 2009 Aug e 18(8):669-79.
492. Mounessa JS, Siegel JA, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP. The role of cannabinoids in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Jul e 77(1):188-90.
493. Varga K, Wagner JA, Bridgen DT, Kunos G. Platelet- and macrophage-derived endogenous cannabinoids are involved in endotoxin-induced hypotension. FASEB J. 1998 e 12:1035–44.
494. Pacher P, Bátkai S, Kunos G. The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev. 2006 e 58:389–462.
495. Ashton JC, Smith PF. Cannabinoids and cardiovascular disease: The outlook for clinical treatments. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2007 e 5:175–85.
496. Pacher P, Mukhopadhyay P, Mohanraj R, Godlewski G, Bátkai S, Kunos G, et al. Modulation of the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular disease: Therapeutic potential and limitations. Hypertension. 2008 e 52:601–7.
497. Goyal H, Awad HH, Ghali JK. Role of cannabis in cardiovascular disorders. J Thorac Dis. 2017 e 9:2079–92.
498. Pacher P, Steffens S. The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular disease. Semin Immunopathol. 2009 e 31:63–77.
499. El-Bassossy HM, El-Maraghy NN, El-Fayoumi HM, Watson ML. Haem oxygenase-1 induction protects against tumor necrosis factor alpha impairment of endothelial-dependent relaxation in rat isolated pulmonary artery. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 e 158:1527–35.
500. Cunha P, Romão AM, Mascarenhas-Melo F, Teixeira HM, Reis F. Endocannabinoid system in cardiovascular disorders-new pharmacotherapeutic opportunities. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2011 e 3:350–60.
501. Krylatov AV, Uzhachenko RV, Maslov LN, Bernatskaya NA, Makriyannis A, Mechoulam R, et al. Endogenous cannabinoids improve myocardial resistance to arrhythmogenic effects of coronary occlusion and reperfusion: A possible mechanism. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2002.
502. —.
503. Walsh SK, Hepburn CY, Kane KA, Wainwright CL. Acute administration of cannabidiol in vivo suppresses ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias and reduces infarct size when given at reperfusion. Br J Pharmacol. 2010 e 160:1234–42.
504. Medical Cannabis for Gynecologic Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review Shoshan, Stacy MD, PhD e Solt, Ido MD Obstetrics & Gynecology 139(5):p 937-938, May 2022.
505. El-Talatini MR, Taylor AH, Elson JC, Brown L, Davidson AC, Konje JC. Localisation and function of the endocannabinoid system in the human ovary. PLoS One. 2009 e e4579, 4(2):.
506. Eichele K, Ramer R, Hinz B. R(+)-methanandamide-induced apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma cells involves a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent pathway. Pharm Res. 2009 Feb e 26(2):346–55.
507. Dawson AJ, Kilpatrick ES, Coady AM, Elshewehy AM, Dakroury Y, Ahmed L, et al. Endocannabinoid receptor blockade reduces alanine aminotransferase in polycystic ovary syndrome independent of weight loss. BMC Endocr Disord. 2017 Jul e 17(1):41.
508. Ayakannu T, Taylor AH, Willets JM, Konje JC. The evolving role of the endocannabinoid system in gynaecological cancer. Hum Reprod Update. 2015 Jul-Aug e 21(4):517–35.
509. Juan CC, Chen KH, Wang PH, Hwang JL, Seow KM. Endocannabinoid system activation may be associated with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2015 Jul e 104(1):200–6.
510. Sanchez AM, Cioffi R, Viganò P, Candiani M, Verde R, Piscitelli F, et al. Elevated Systemic Levels of Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women With Endometriosis. Reprod Sci. 2016 Aug e 23(8):1071–9.
511. Contassot E, Tenan M, Schnüriger V, Pelte MF, Dietrich PY. Arachidonyl ethanolamide induces apoptosis of uterine cervix cancer cells via aberrantly expressed vanilloid receptor-1. Gynecol Oncol. 2004 Apr e 93(1):182–8.
512. Lukhele ST, Motadi LR. Cannabidiol rather than Cannabis sativa extracts inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Sep e 16(1):335.
513. Bagavandoss P, Grimshaw S. Temporal and spatial distribution of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2) and fatty acid amide hydroxylase in the rat ovary. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2010 Aug e 293(8):1425–32.
514. Zhang Y, Zheng W, Shen K, Shen W. ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9 in endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett. 2018 Jun e 15(6):8527–35.
515. Fonseca BM, Correia-da-Silva G, Teixeira NA. Cannabinoid-induced cell death in endometrial cancer cells: involvement of TRPV1 receptors in apoptosis. J Physiol Biochem. 2018 May e 74(2):261–72.
516. 10, Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jan e 13:1055481. Contemplating cannabis? The complex relationship between cannabinoids and hepatic metabolism resulting in the potential for drug-drug interactions Rosemary T Smith, Staci A Gruber.
517. tratto da: Harvard Health Blog- “Coming clean: your anesthesiologist to know about marijuana use before surgery. By David Hepner, February 3 2020.
518. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2019 Apr 15. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.052. Online ahead of print. Effects of Cannabis Use on Sedation Requirements for Endoscopic Procedures Mark A Twardowski, Margaret M Link, Nicole M Twardowski.
519. 4, PLoS One. 2021 Mar e 16(3):e0248062. High quantities: Evaluating the association between cannabis use and propofol anesthesia during endoscopy Ngozi Imasogie, Rhiannon V Rose, Aze Wilson.
520. Original research ASRA Pain Medicine consensus guidelines on the management of the perioperative patient on cannabis and cannabinoids - Correspondence to Dr Shalini Shah, Department of Anesthesiology, UC Irvine Healthcare, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
521. American Society of Anesthesiologists, Cannabis use increases pain after surgery, study shows.
522. Jul, Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2022 e 44(7):750-756. Epub 2022 Feb 21. The Effect of Preoperative Cannabis Use on Postoperative Pain Following Gynaecologic Oncology Surgery Luke K Wiseman, Ioan T Mahu, Karim Mukhida.
523. Alexander JC, Joshi GP, Abdallah FW, et al. Perioperative pain and addiction interdisciplinary network (PAIN): protocol for the perioperative management of cannabis and cannabinoid-based medicines using a modified Delphi process. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2020.
524. Liu CW, Bhatia A, Buzon-Tan A, et al. Weeding out the problem: the impact of & preoperative cannabinoid use on pain in the perioperative period. Anesth Analg 2019 e 129:874–881.
525. Jamal N, Korman J, Musing M, et al. Effects of preoperative recreational smoked cannabis use on opioid consumption following inflammatory bowel disease surgery: a historical cohort study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2019 e 706, 36:705 –.
526. 2015, Hill KP. Medical marijuana for treatment of chronic pain and other medical and psychiatric problems: a clinical review. JAMA e 313:2474–2483.
527. Suhre W, O’Reilly-Shah V, Van Cleve W. Cannabis use is associated with a small increase in the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a retrospective machine-learning causal analysis. BMC Anesthesiol 2020 e 8, 20:1 –.
528. 1, Cannabinoid Res. 2016 Jul e 1(1):154-165. Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency Reconsidered: Current Research Supports the Theory in Migraine, Fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel, and Other Treatment-Resistant Syndromes Ethan B Russo.
529. 2001, Russo EB. Hemp for headache: an in-depth historical and scientific review of cannabis in migraine treatment. J Cannabis Ther. e 1:21–92.
530. Russo EB. Handbook of psychotropic herbs: a scientific analysis of herbal remedies for psychiatric conditions. Haworth Press: Binghamton, NY, 2001.
531. Russo EB. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2004 e 25:31–39.
532. Fride E, Bregman T, Kirkham TC. Endocannabinoids and food intake: newborn suckling and appetite regulation in adulthood. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2005 e 230:225–234.
533. 2002, Fride E. Cannabinoids and cystic fibrosis: a novel approach. J Cannabis Ther. e 2:59–71.
534. Notcutt W, Price M, Miller R, et al.. Initial experiences with medicinal extracts of cannabis for chronic pain: results from 34 “N of 1” studies. Anaesthesia. 2004 e 59:440–452.
535. Berman JS, Symonds C, Birch R. Efficacy of two cannabis based medicinal extracts for relief of central neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion: results of a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 2004 e 112:299–306.
536. Jarvinen T, Pate D, Laine K. Cannabinoids in the treatment of glaucoma. Pharmacol Ther. 2002 e 95:203–220.
537. 2002, Russo E. Cannabis treatments in obstetrics and gynecology: a historical review. J Cannabis Ther. e 2:5–35.
538. Westfall R, Janssen P, Lucas P, et al.. Survey of medicinal cannabis use among childbearing women: patterns of its use in pregnancy and retroactive self-assessment of tis efficacy against ‘morning sickness’. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2006 e 12:27–33.
539. Marsicano G, Wotjak CT, Azad SC, et al.. The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive memories. Nature. 2002 e 418:530–534.
540. Ashton CH, Moore PB, Gallagher P, et al.. Cannabinoids in bipolar affective disorder: a review and discussion of their therapeutic potential. J Psychopharmacol. 2005 e 19:293–300.
541. Wong BS, Camilleri M, Eckert D, et al.. Randomized pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenetic trial of dronabinol effects on colon transit in irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012 e 24:358-e169.
542. Camilleri M, Kolar GJ, Vazquez-Roque MI, et al.. Cannabinoid receptor 1 gene and irritable bowel syndrome: phenotype and quantitative traits. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2013 e 304:G553–G560.
543. Akerman S, Kaube H, Goadsby PJ. Anandamide is able to inhibit trigeminal neurons using an in vivo model of trigeminovascular-mediated nociception. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 e 309:56–63.
544. Cupini LM, Bari M, Battista N, et al. Abnormal degradation of endocannabinoids in migrainous women. Cephalalgia. 2003 e 23:684.
545. Sarchielli P, Pini LA, Coppola F, et al. Endocannabinoids in chronic migraine: CSF findings suggest a system failure. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 e 32:1384–1390.
546. Russo EB, Guy GW, Robson PJ. Cannabis, pain, and sleep: lessons from therapeutic clinical trials of Sativex, a cannabis-based medicine. Chem Biodivers. 2007 e 4:1729–1743.
547. Russo EB, Hohmann AG. Role of cannabinoids in pain management. In: Comprehensive Treatment of Chronic Pain by Medical, Interventional and Behavioral Approaches (Deer T, Gordin V, eds.). Springer: New York, 2013, pp. 181–197.
548. Gamble LJ, Boesch JM, Frye CW, et al. Pharmaco*kinetics, safety, and clinical efficacy of cannabidiol treatment in osteoarthritic dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2018 e 5:165.
549. McGrath S, Bartner LR, Rao S, Packer RA, Gustafson DL. Randomized blinded controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of oral cannabidiol administration in addition to conventional antiepileptic treatment on seizure frequency in dogs with intractable i.
550. Meola, S.D., et al.
551. Grant, R. Gonzalez, C.L. Carey, L. Natarajan, T. Wolfson Non-acute (residual) neurocognitive effects of cannabis use: a meta-analytic study J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 9 (2003), pp. 679-689.
552. Management, Safety of Medical Cannabis in Neuropathic Chronic Pain e Alessandra Bennici, Carmen Mannucci, Fabrizio Calapai, Luigi Cardia, Ilaria Ammendolia, Sebastiano Gangemi, Gioacchino Calapai, Daniel Griscti Soler.
553. Zajicek, J.P., et al.
554. Wilsey, B., et al.
555. Wilsey, B., et al.
556. Systematic review of safeness and therapeutic efficacy of cannabis in patients with multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, and in oncological patients treated with chemotherapy Laura Amato, Silvia Minozzi, Zuzana Mitrova, Elena Parmelli, Rosella Saulle, F.
557. Mark, Gryczynski, Axenfeld, Schwartz e Terplan, in corso di stampa.
558. Maternal use of cannabis and pregnancy outcome David M. Fergusson, L. John Horwood,Kate Northstone,ALSPAC Study Team.
559. Cannabis use during pregnancy in France in 2010 M-J Saurel-Cubizolles, C Prunet,B Blondel.
560. Maternal Alcohol, Tobacco and Cannabis Consumption and the Outcome of Pregnancy G. T. Gibson,P. A. Baghurst,D. P. Colley.
561. Kline J, Hutzler M, Levin B, Stein Z, Susser M, Warburton D. Marijuana and spontaneous abortion of known karyotype. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1991 e 5(3):320-332.
562. Campolongo P, Trezza V, Ratano P, Palmery M, Cuomo V. Developmental consequences of perinatal cannabis exposure: behavioral and neuroendocrine effects in adult rodents. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 e 214(1):5-15.
563. Fried PA, Watkinson B, Gray R. A follow-up study of attentional behavior in 6-year-old children exposed prenatally to marihuana, cigarettes, and alcohol. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1992 e 14(5):299-311.
564. Goldschmidt L, Day NL, Richardson GA. Effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on child behavior problems at age 10. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2000 e 22(3):325-336.
565. Fried PA, Smith AM. A literature review of the consequences of prenatal marihuana exposure. An emerging theme of a deficiency in aspects of executive function. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2001 e 23(1):1-11.
566. Marijuana Use During Pregnancy and Lactation - ACOG. ACOG. http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Marijuana-Use-During-Pregnancy-and-Lactation. Published July 2015. Accessed October 12, 2016.
567. Roberson EK, Patrick WK, Hurwitz EL. Marijuana use and maternal experiences of severe nausea during pregnancy in Hawai’i. Hawaii J Med Public Health J Asia Pac Med Public Health. 2014 e 73(9):283-287.
568. Westfall RE, Janssen PA, Lucas P, Capler R. Survey of medicinal cannabis use among childbearing women: patterns of its use in pregnancy and retroactive self-assessment of its efficacy against “morning sickness.” Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2006 e 12(1):27-3.
569. Perez-Reyes M, Wall ME. Presence of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human milk. N Engl J Med. 1982 e 307(13):819-820.
570. National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine, “The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: Current state of evidence and recommendations for research,” Washington, DC, 2017.) (Batalla A, Bhattacharyya S, Yücel M, Fusar-Poli P, Crippa JA, N.
571. National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine, “The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: Current state of evidence and recommendations for research,” Washington, DC, 2017.
572. Volkow ND, Swanson JM, Evins AE, DeLisi LE, Meier MH, Gonzalez R, Bloomfield MA, Curran HV, Baler R. Effects of Cannabis Use on Human Behavior, Including Cognition, Motivation, and Psychosis: A Review. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016 Mar e 73(3):292-7.
573. Cannabis and Psychosis: Is there Epidemiological Evidence for an Association? Thornicroft, Graham. The British Journal of Psychiatry e London Vol. 157, Fasc. 1, (Jul 1990): 25-33.
574. Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence Louise Arseneault, Mary Cannon, John Witton and Robin M. Murray, BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2004), 184.
575. National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine, “The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: Current state of evidence and recommendations for research,” Washington, DC, 2017.
576. 1998, Hall W (1994) The health and psychological consequences of cannabis use. Australian Government Publication Service) (Hollister LE. Health aspects of cannabis: revisited. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. e 1(1):71–80.
577. Dornbush RL, Fink M, Freedman AM. Marijuana, memory, and perception. Am J Psychiatry. 1971 e 128(2):194–197.
578. Compton R. (2017, July). Marijuana-Impaired Driving – A Report to Congress. (DOT HS 812 440). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
579. Berning A, Compton R, Wochinger K. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Results of the 2013–2014 national roadside survey of alcohol and drug use by drivers. U.S. Department of Transportation. Washington, DC e 2015.
580. Trial, Driving Performance and Cannabis Users’ Perception of Safety A Randomized Clinical, 2022, et al JAMA Psychiatry. e 201-209, 79(3):.
581. Lyness JM, Caine ED, King DA, et al. Psychiatric disorders in older primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med1999 e 14:249–54.
582. Ward BW, Schiller JS. Prevalence of multiple chronic conditions among US adults: estimates from the National health interview survey, 2010. Prev Chronic Dis2013 e 10:120203.
583. Dinitto DM, Choi NG. Marijuana use among older adults in the U.S.A.: user characteristics, patterns of use, and implications for intervention. Int Psychogeriatr 2011 e 23:732–41.
584. Flint AJ, Merali Z, Vaccarino FJ. Improving quality of life: substance use and aging. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, 2018.
585. Kaag AM, Schulte MHJ, Jansen JM, et al. The relation between gray matter volume and the use of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine and cannabis in male polysubstance users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018 e 187:186–94.
586. Le Boisselier R, Alexandre J, Lelong-Boulouard V, et al. Focus on cannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017 e 101:220.
587. Yamreudeewong W, Wong HK, Brausch LM, et al. Probable interaction between warfarin and marijuana smoking. Ann Pharmacother 2009 e 43:1347–539.
588. Flint AJ, Merali Z, Vaccarino FJ. Improving quality of life: substance use and aging. Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, 2018.
589. Kelleher LM, Stough C, Sergejew AA, et al. The effects of cannabis on information-processing speed. Addict Behav 2004 e 29:1213–9.
590. Ranganathan M, D'Souza DC. The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review. Psychopharmacology 2006 e 188:425–44.
591. Kaag AM, Schulte MHJ, Jansen JM, et al. The relation between gray matter volume and the use of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine and cannabis in male polysubstance users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018 e 187:186–94.
592. Secades-Villa R, Garcia-Rodríguez O, Jin CJ, Wang S, Blanco C. Probability and predictors of the cannabis gateway effect: a national study. Int J Drug Policy. 2015 e doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.07.011, 26(2):135-142.
593. Weinberger AH, Platt J, Goodwin RD. Is cannabis use associated with an increased risk of onset and persistence of alcohol use disorders? A three-year prospective study among adults in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. February 2016.
594. Panlilio LV, Zanettini C, Barnes C, Solinas M, Goldberg SR. Prior exposure to THC increases the addictive effects of nicotine in rats. Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 e 38(7):1198-1208.
595. Cadoni C, Pisanu A, Solinas M, Acquas E, Di Chiara G. Behavioural sensitization after repeated exposure to Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cross-sensitization with morphine. Psychopharmacology.
596. Levine A, Huang Y, Drisaldi B, et al. Molecular mechanism for a gateway drug: epigenetic changes initiated by nicotine prime gene expression by cocaine. Sci Transl Med. 2011 e 3(107):107ra109.
597. Association Between US State Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Prescribing in the Medicare Part D Population Ashley C. Bradford, BA1, et al.
598. Bachhuber MA, Saloner B, Cunningham CO, Barry CL. Medical cannabis laws and opioid analgesic overdose mortality in the United States, 1999-2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 e 174(10):1668-1673.
599. 2015, Hill KP. Medical marijuana for treatment of chronic pain and other medical and psychiatric problems: a clinical review. JAMA. e 313(24):2474-2483.
600. Lynch ME, Ware MA. Cannabinoids for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2015 e 10(2):293-301.
601. Ware MA, Wang T, Shapiro S, et al. Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2010 e 182(14):E694-E701.
602. Abrams DI, Couey P, Shade SB, Kelly ME, Benowitz NL. Cannabinoid-opioid interaction in chronic pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 e 90(6):844-851.
603. Boehnke KF, Litinas E, Clauw DJ. Medical cannabis use is associated with decreased opiate medication use in a retrospective cross-sectional survey of patients with chronic pain. J Pain. 2016 e 17(6):739-744.
604. Medical Marijuana Users are More Likely to Use Prescription Drugs Medically and Nonmedically Theodore L. Caputi, BS and Keith Humphreys, PhD.
605. Blohm E, Sell P, Neavyn M. Cannabinoid toxicity in pediatrics. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2019 Apr e 31(2):256-261.
606. Williams MV, Gupta N, Nusbaum J. Points & Pearls: Cannabinoids: emerging evidence in use and abuse. Emerg Med Pract. 2018 Aug 01 e 8):1-2, 20(Suppl.
607. Brown GR, McLaughlin K, Vaughn K. Identifying and treating patients with synthetic psychoactive drug intoxication. JAAPA. 2018 Aug e 31(8):1-5.
608. Lucas CJ, Galettis P, Schneider J. The pharmaco*kinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Nov e 84(11):2477-2482.
609. Dryburgh LM, Bolan NS, Grof CPL, Galettis P, Schneider J, Lucas CJ, Martin JH. Cannabis contaminants: sources, distribution, human toxicity and pharmacologic effects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Nov e 84(11):2468-2476.
610. 2018, Meyer MR. Toxico*kinetics of NPS: Update 2017. Handb Exp Pharmacol. e 252:441-459.
611. Pintori N, Loi B, Mereu M. Synthetic cannabinoids: the hidden side of Spice drugs. Behav Pharmacol. 2017 Sep e 28(6):409-419.
612. Moore TH, Zammit S, Lingford-Hughes A, Barnes TR, Jones PB, Burke M, Lewis G. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 2007 e 370:319–328.
613. Henquet C, Murray R, Linszen D, van Os J. The environment and schizophrenia: the role of cannabis use. Schizophr Bull 2005 e 31:608–612.
614. Jarvis K, DelBello MP, Mills N, Elman I, Strakowski SM, Adler CM. Neuroanatomic comparison of bipolar adolescents with and without cannabis use disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2008 e 18:557–563.
615. Wichers M, Schrijvers D, Geschwind N, Jacobs N, Myin-Germeys I, Thiery E, Derom C, Sabbe B, Peeters F, Delespaul P, Van Os, J. Mechanisms of gene-environment interactions in depression: evidence that genes potentiate multiple sources of adversity. Psychol.
616. Lambrecht GL, Malbrain ML, Coremans P, Verbist L, Verhaegen H. Acute renal infarction and heavy marijuana smoking. Nephron 1995 e 70:494–496.
617. 2009, Reece AS. Severe multisystem dysfunction in a case of high level exposure to smoked cannabis. BMJ Case Reports.
618. 1971, Citron BP. Angiitis in drug abusers. N Engl J Med e 284:111.
619. Peyrot I, Garsaud AM, Saint-Cyr I, Quitman O, Sanchez B, Quist D. Cannabis arteritis: a new case report and a review of literature. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007 e 21:388–391.
620. Mukamal KJ, Maclure M, Muller JE, Mittleman MA. An exploratory prospective study of marijuana use and mortality following acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2008 e 155:465–470.
621. Korantzopoulos P, Liu T, Papaioannides D, Li G, Goudevenos JA. Atrial fibrillation and marijuana smoking. Int J Clin Pract 2008 e 62:308–313.
622. Russmann S, Winkler A, Lovblad KO, Stanga Z, Bassetti C. Lethal ischemic stroke after cisplatin-based chemotherapy for testicular carcinoma and cannabis inhalation. Eur Neurol 2002 e 48:178–180.
623. 1985, Fried PA. Postnatal consequences of maternal marijuana use. NIDA Res Monogr e 59:61–72.
624. Davitian C, Uzan M, Tigaizin A, Ducarme G, Dauphin H, Poncelet C. Maternal cannabis use and intra-uterine growth restriction. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2006 e 34:632–637.
625. Forrester MB, Merz RD. Risk of selected birth defects with prenatal illicit drug use, Hawaii, 1986–2002. J Toxicol Environ Health 2007 e 70:7–18.
626. Fried PA, Smith AM. A literature review of the consequences of prenatal marihuana exposure. An emerging theme of a deficiency in aspects of executive function. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2001 e 23:1–11.
627. O’Connell CM, Fried PA. Prenatal exposure to cannabis: a preliminary report of postnatal consequences in school-age children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1991 e 13:631–639.
628. Ebo DG, Decuyper II, Rihs HP, et al. IgE-binding and mast cell-activating capacity of the hom*ologue of the major birch pollen allergen and profilin from Cannabis sativa. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 e 9(6):2509-2512.
629. García-Olmedo F, Molina A, Segura A, Moreno M. The defensive role of nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins in plants. Trends Microbiol. 1995 e 3(2):72-74.
630. Drouet M, Hoppe A, Moreau AS, Bonneau JC, Leclere JM, Le Sellin J. Cannabis and crossed allergy with food. Rev Pneumol Clin. 2017 e 73(6):290-29381.
631. Ebo DG, Swerts S, Sabato V, et al. New food allergies in a European non-Mediterranean region: is Cannabis sativa to blame? Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013 e 161(3):220-228.
632. Faber M, Van Gasse A, Sabato V, et al. Marihuana allergy: beyond the joint. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2015 e 25(1):70-72.
633. Pascal M, Munoz-Cano R, Reina Z, et al. Lipid transfer protein syndrome: clinical pattern, cofactor effect and profile of molecular sensitization to plant-foods and pollens. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012 e 42(10):1529-1539.
634. Ocampo TL, Rans TS. Cannabis sativa: the unconventional "weed" allergen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015 e 114(3):187-192.
635. Ozyurt S, Muderrisoglu F, Ermete M, Afsar F. Cannabis-induced erythema multiforme-like recurrent drug eruption. Int J Dermatol. 2014 e 53(1):e22-e23.
636. Szyper-Kravitz M, Lang R, Manor Y, Lahav M. Early invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a leukemia patient linked to aspergillus contaminated marijuana smoking. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001 e 42(6):1433-1437.
637. McLaren J, Swift W, Dillon P, Allsop S. Cannabis potency and contamination: a review of the literature. Addiction. 2008 e 103(7):1100-1109.
638. Nayak AP, Green BJ, Sussman G, et al. Characterization of Cannabis sativa allergens. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013 e 111(1):32-37.
639. Stepaniuk P, Kanani A. Selective cannabis strain allergy in a patient presenting with a local allergic reaction. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2021 e 17(1):49.
640. 1989, Evans AG. Allergic inhalant dermatitis attributable to marijuana exposure in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. e 195(11):1588-1590.
641. Rubin, Vera (2011-06-03). Cannabis and Culture.
642. ANTICO EGITTO Nell’antico Egitto, la spiritualità era incentrata su numerose divinità che controllavano la natura e la società.
643. S. Chandra, H. Lata, M. A. Elsohly, Cannabis sativa L.: Botany and Biotechnology. Ed. Springer, 2017, 128-188.
644. R.C. Clarke, M.D. Merlin Cannabis domestication, breeding history, present-day genetic diversity, and prospects Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 35 (2016), pp. 293-327.
645. P. Berman, K. Futoran, G.M. Lewitus, D. Mukha, M. Benami, T. Shlomi, D. Meiri A new ESI-LC/MS approach for comprehensive metabolic profiling of phytocannabinoids in Cannabis Sci. Rep., 8 (1) (2018), pp. 1-15.
646. Mechoulam, R. et al. (2007) Cannabidiol recent advances. Chem. Biodivers. 4, 1678–1692.
647. Pertwee, R.G. (2008) The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. Br. J. Pharmacol. 153, 199–215.
648. Turner, C.E. (1980) Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XVII. A review of the natural constituents. J. Nat. Prod. 43, 169–234.
649. Mechoulam, R. and Hanus, L. (2000) A historical overview of chemical research on cannabinoids. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 108, 1–13.
650. Gershenzon J, Dudareva N. The function of terpene natural products in the natural world. Nat Chem Biol. 2007 e 3:408–414.
651. LaVigne, J.E., Hecksel, R., Keresztes, A. et al. Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity. Sci Rep 11, 8232 (2021).
652. Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, Di Nisio M, Duffy S, et al. 2015. Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 313:2456–73.
653. The Use of Medical Marijuana to Manage Symptom Burden in Spinal Cord Injury By Gregory T. Carter, MD, MS.
